The UK’s Border Target Operating Model (BTOM) provides a risk-based framework for managing biosecurity threats at the UK border. Our scrutiny and Government action has contributed to tangible improvements in responsiveness, as demonstrated by the swift and effective action taken following the detection of African Swine Fever in Spain, contrasting with the delays experienced during the earlier Foot and Mouth outbreak in Germany. These developments underscore the importance of retaining BTOM’s risk- based principles as the basis for action and ensuring systems and resources remain in place to deliver rapid, proportionate responses to emerging threats. (Conclusion, Paragraph 64)