The movement of illegally imported dogs into the UK, and the importation of stray dogs for rehoming, pose considerable biosecurity risks for both pets and humans. Diseases such as rabies, leishmaniasis and Brucella canis may be imported into the UK from abroad. Of particular concern is the rise in Brucella canis cases in the UK, from 14 in 2020 to 75 in 2022. Imported dogs are also at increased risk of infectious diseases such as parvovirus as a result of low welfare breeding establishments, and cramped and dirty conditions whilst in transit.