There is a strong risk that the urgent security challenges faced by the UK’s telecommunications sector are indicative of a wider, and growing, geopolitical development. Throughout our inquiry, we have heard of the prospect of a growing technological and regulatory divergence between China, and countries aligned with China, and other countries. This is not restricted to telecommunications or even cyber security—artificial intelligence, quantum technologies and synthetic biology are just some examples of other emerging technology sectors that will be prominent in our future economy and security, and in which there is the potential for different technical and regulatory standards to apply. The Government should not regard the problems posed by 5G addressed in this Report as a one-off, but more likely illustrative of a wider challenge.