The Government takes seriously the need to protect UK academic institutions carrying out research into critical and emerging technologies. We have taken direct action to support these institutions. The Centre for Protection of National Infrastructure (CPNI) and the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) worked closely with the sector to publish Trusted Research guidance on how institutions can protect and manage risk around their research collaborations. The Government has taken robust action to prevent the Intangible Transfer of Technology (ITT) from research areas of concern—particularly where the knowledge acquired could support the development of foreign military programmes. The Government recently announced the expansion of the Academic Technology Approval Scheme (ATAS) which will require international researchers seeking to conduct research in proliferation sensitive areas to hold an ATAS certificate from 21 May 2021. Expanding the current scope of the scheme to include both international post-graduate students and researchers will provide the additional critical layer of security needed to protect proliferation sensitive UK research. We continue to work closely with partners across the academic sector to explore further options needed to guide and protect UK research. Similarly, the Government recognises that many risks to academia and industry are not often immediately identifiable. Some threats are more nuanced and require a more tailored response from the Government. In October 2020, HMG launched the Digital and Tech China Strategic Communications Campaign to help UK digital and tech businesses to find clear, up-to-date information and specialist support on how to navigate China’s unique marketplace in ways that reflect the UK’s values and take account of national security concerns. The Government has also worked closely with industry to provide comprehensive advice on how businesses can strengthen their organisational resilience. Through the NCSC, the take to improve their cyber security. DCMS regular engagement with the digital sector helps to ensure this guidance is tailored, fit for purpose, and responsive to the needs of the sector. Furthermore, the National Security and Investment Bill, currently before Parliament, proposes clear and focused reforms to the Government’s powers for scrutinising investment for the purposes of protecting national security while maintaining a predictable and transparent process.