Dear Mr Hughes Re: Mrs Lynda Blackmore I am writing in response to the Prevention of Future Deaths Report issued to this Trust on the 9 November 2023, following the inquest. The matters of concern that you have asked the Trust to consider are:­ "The investigation focused upon the causal significance, if any, of a delay of some thirteen hours, or thereabouts in the provision ofan ambulance to the deceased. I received written & oral evidence from of the Welsh Ambulance Service Trust (I annex a copy ofhis witness statement). I refer you in particular, to paragraph's 43­
49. My concern here is that handover delays are impacting upon response times in respect of patients requiring emergency treatment & for conveyance to hospital. As

in his evidence at para 45, the handover delays experienced at/around the time that the deceased was awaiting assistance were well in excess ofthe targets enshrined in the Welsh Health Circular of May 2016. Mae'r Ymddiriedolaelh yn croesawu goheb,aeth yn y Gymraeg neu·r Saesneg, ac na fydd gohebu yn Gymraeg yn arwa n at oed, The Trust welcomes correspondence in Welsh or English. and that corresponding in Welsh will not lead lo a delay

Anfonwch unrhyw ohebiaeth i'r cyfeiriad canlynol:­ Please forward any correspondence to the following address:­ Beacon House William Brown Close Llantarnam Cwmbran NP44 3AB Ffon/Tel 01633 626262

Such delays pose a risk to the lives ofthose requiring emergency treatment/conveyance to hospital." At this time and in specific response to this Prevention of Future Deaths Report, the Trust does not propose to take any further action or new actions in relation to this matter, but rather continue with the actions in place. There has been a noticeable improvement in Cardiff & Vale University Health Board's handover lost hours linked to an organisational focus, with other Health Boards reporting that they are seeking to learn lessons. The table below illustrates the improvements that have been made by the Health Board and Trust in order to reduce hours lost whilst ambulances are delayed at hospital. The table is extracted from the Monthly Integrated Quality & Performance Report and was presented to the Trust board on 23 November 2023. Ambel" Median Response Times against Handover lost Hours 35000 03:50:24 03:21:36 30000 I 02:52:48 ?S000 02:24:00 20000 15000 01·26:24 10000 00:57 36 I 00:28.48 I I 0 00:00:00 ~ ,.,.. .,.,.. ,.,.. ..,,., ~ <'-I ,,., ..... ...... '}' ~ ~ ...... t'"!f ::::1 ~ ~ ~ ~ .,.._, tv'I ro ...... ro "' '"'' "'l' ~ i= ~ .6 ~ ~ 0, ~ ~ ~ C: .6 '"'' ~ '"" ~ 0, "' <'5 iri' 6 ,a ::i 0- .!l! ,':' Si .,, 0- 8 V, ,?: 8 ::2 .e
ii. I
- SB Lost I-lours
- AB Lost t-tOUl'S
- UOJ LOst Houis
- C&V Lost Hours '
- CTM Lost 1-iours HD Lost Hours
- Powys
- AMBER MC!dian Whilst these improvements have been seen with hospitals in the Cardiff & Vale University Health Board area the Trust is aware that ambulances delayed at hospital in neighbouring Health Board areas can also have an effect on those resources in the Cardiff & Vale University Health Board area. This is because the Trusts Clinical Response Model adheres to the dispatch principle that we seek to send the nearest most appropriate resource in time waiting order. Therefore, if because of ambulances delayed at hospital, the nearest most appropriate resource is in a neighbouring Health Board area, then this resource will be dispatched. 2

- -
---- The details illustrated below shows the total number of cases where resources based in the Cardiff & Vale University Health Board area have responded to patients outside of the Health Board area due to ambulances delayed at hospital. A total of 5865 between Jan '23 and Nov '23. This is broken down to 3542 resources going into Aneurin Bevan University Health Board area and 2284 into Cwm Taff Morgannwg University Health Board area. EMS Cross Boundary Responses 1101 2m 211 Cardllhnd Vole EA '31 1700 122 21- 10 1• I 25 ,.,- lit 11 JI MIS Oale f'lliod: OIAll/2022 lo Cardiff and Vale - Cross Boundary Responses The details illustrated below shows the total number of responses returning into Cardiff & Vale University Health Board area from Aneurin Bevan University Health Board area (2747) and from Cwm Taff Morgannwg University Health Board area from Aneurin Bevan University Health Board area (2284). 3000 2000 1500 1000 500 A<,..,,;,, e..... Btlli ca.i..aladr Owmlal Morgannwg Hywol Dda CMofMa SwansaaBay EMS Cross Boundary Responses ............. EA H)lorlO. OOl ol- .... _.., 32 211111 :It 1711 15 ztlt .. " llllel'lliod: 01•14112 ID 30/11/2023 IN! Ja 14 M :1111 Aneurin Bevan - Cross Boundary Responses 2000 1500 1000 500 Cardiff and VIII OwmTafMorgannwg HywtfDdo Oul oflvea Powys
-...eay This final table and graph show the number of resources from Cwm Taff Morgannwg University Health Board into Cardiff & Vale University Health Board area (1688) and Cwm Tat Morgannwg University Health Board area into Aneurin Bevan University Health Board area (1278). 3

--
-
-
-
---- --- EMS Cross Boundary Responses EA
-- -=•:.;;; CwnlTlf.......... Dale Pwiod: 01Al1rio22 ID 30/1"2023
-::.....;= O.=-'. ,ii DLil­ 219 :zee 20 40 Ill ,m 1!15 1' )2 111' 105 70 111 ~JII 1' 11• IJII JT 74
- CwmTai Mofgannwg -Cross Boundary Responses 1000 'Ii 600 Ii = eoo1 J J i £00 20G o • '----'-- _J ~ ----------~- ~ -------- --- Cardilf andV1't Hywo!Oda Outo/Aru P""fl Swan1tallay This clearly shows a higher proportion of vehicles going out of the Cardiff & Vale University Health Board area into the other Health Board areas. Aneurin Bevan University Health Board have nearly double the Emergency Ambulance capacity at peak, than Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, with Aneurin Bevan University Health Board having 22 Emergency Ambulances at peak against 13 in the Cardiff & Vale University Health Board area at the same time. The Trust is taking all possible steps within its control to ensure availability of resources to respond to Red and Amber calls. The Trust also seeks to secure full support from the Welsh Government, the wider NHS and the local Government to ensure appropriate clinical risk management across the urgent and emergency care pathways to release resources to the Trust. The Trust has evidenced this work through the comprehensive details of all the actions that we have taken to date. I attach for your reference copies of the Real-time Mitigation Report, Reducing Patient Harm Action Plan and the Associated Risks, all of which were presented to the public Trust Board on 23rd November 2023. These documents are regularly presented to, and reviewed by, the Trust Board and I hope this offers you assurance that this matter continues to remain a significant risk and a matter of attention to the full Trust Board. Whilst the Trust fully supports the need to issue a Prevention of Future Deaths Report under Paragraph 7, Schedule 5 of the Coroners & Justice Act 2009 and Regulation 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013, we do not believe that we are the authority with the "powerto take such actions". Notwithstanding the authority to act, I have recently held executive level meetings with Aneurin Bevan University Health Board colleagues and as a result of these, we have agreed some additional measures that we will be implementing in January 2024. These measures are expected to reduce the number of conveyances to The Grange Hospital through direct admission to alternative sites and the introduction of a new temporary facility that can be used for patients who are often those that experience the longest delay in handover. We expect both these measures, in addition to those outlined in our responses to date, to offer additional support to the release of ambulances back into the community for response. To reaffirm my earlier comment, we believe we have robust plans in place which are regularly critiqued and monitored throughout the organisation. The issues arising are presented to our full Trust Board and we liaise directly with the Health Board and wider health and social care 4

partners across Wales in order to secure their support to ensure that we respond to Red and Amber calls in a timely way. While writing I would like to offer my sincere condolences to Mrs. Blackmore's family on their sad loss. I would also like to extend an offer to meet with you and leaders of key organisations to discuss our response in more detail, and to provide you with any further assurances you may require regarding our commitment to continue improvement to support prevention of harm and future deaths.

Dear Mr Hughes Regulation 28 Report received by Aneurin Bevan University Health Board further to the inquest touching on the death of Lynda Blackmore which concluded on 1 November 2023 Thank you for your letter of 15 November 2023 and accompanying report, which the Health Board received on 17 November 2023. I am writing to provide you with the Health Board's response to the Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths, which was issued following the inquest into the death of Lynda Blackmore. You have advised, via your letter, that your concern is that handover delays are impacting upon response times in respect of patients requiring emergency treatment and/or conveyance to hospital and that in your opinion, action should be taken by the Health Board to prevent future deaths in regard to Mr Andrew Garner's witness statement, in particular paragraphs 43 -49. As requested, the information presented below is intended to describe the actions which have been taken/are being taken by Aneurin Bevan University Health Board to mitigate the risk offuture deaths:
1. Paragraph 43 - 45 The Trust (WAST) was experiencing hospital handover delays in the Aneurin Bevan University Health Board area.
2. Paragraph 46 - The response to Mrs Blackmore was 13 hours. With regard to the first point, it is acknowledged that the Health Board was experiencing handover delays at all of its sites on this day. During the previous days all hospitals within the Health Board and indeed, neighbouring Health Boards experienced delays that were in excess of the 15 minutes standard as stipulated in the Welsh Health Circular (May 2016). Bwrdd lechyd Prlfyssol Aneurln Bevan Aneurln Bevan University Health Board Pencadlys, Ysbyty S.Ont cadog Headquarters, St Cadoc's Hospital Ffordd Y Lodj, Caerllion, Casnewydd NP18 3XQ Lodge Road, caerleon, NewportNP18 3XQ IS2J Clinigol \. 01633 436 700 f BwnldlechydPrllyJIDI X BIPAn•urln-n '-01633 4l6 700 f Anou<lnlnanHeohhBoard X AneurlnBevonUHB Clinical R)<l),,>,n_,,,_,.c;,,,.-o,_,.,...,..,.o,....,...._ Wtwtbrre~inWlllfl"MVlllmpcrdinWf#lwilto.tdillty
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The days leading up to the incident on 1 February 2023 saw very high attendances at the Grange University Hospital {GUH) with activity on 31 January 2023 one of the highest during January (270 attendances) which placed significant additional pressure on services, particularly within the Emergency Department (ED). As can be seen from the table below, there was significant pressure seen from 29 January to 1 February, with average handover being in excess of the 15 minute standard; this was also reflected in the cumulative daily lost hours (the time recorded from 15 minutes onwards for each ambulance patient handover). Gran1e University Hospital Date DollyActivity Ambulance Arrivals Av11ragtt Handover Time Lost Hours Red&Amber Rttlttase Requms
29.01.2023 268 BO 119mins 109 2
30.01.2023 252 63 105mins 91 3
31.01.2023 270 68 80mins 64 2
01.02.2023 248 69 121 mlns 116 0 The Division of Urgent Care had managerial and operational responsibility for the ED at the GUH at the time of this incident. The management team have had a number of processes in place to improve flow. Therefore, the pressures at the front door and leadership on a day-to-day basis for GUH was managed by the Corporate Site Operations Team who ensured that where delays were being experienced that the Health Board's 'Emergency Pressures Escalation Policy' is actioned. This document provides clarity on the responsibilities of a wide range of Health Board colleagues including the Emergency Department, Operational Site Managers, Senior Divisional Leadership Teams and Executive Directors and that actions that must be taken to reduce ambulance delays, in particular, and system pressures. Since this incident, a review of the Health Board's Divisional structures have been strengthened, with the Division of Urgent Care now assuming full responsibility for the Corporate Site management team to ensure a full and co-ordinated focus is maintained on safe patient flow and ambulance handover delays. Other initiatives have seen the introduction of weekly Patient Safety Flow meetings during May 2023, chaired by the Deputy Director of Operations with input from the Executive team including the Chief Executive, Chief Operating Officer, Director of Nursing, Director of Therapies and Medical Director. These meetings focus on the delivery and performance of the Health Board's ED and MIUs with very clear action plans to mitigate the risk and seek improvements in patient flow and ambulance handover delays. The focus has been on the following areas:
1. Pre-Hospital / Flow Centre. Due to the unique nature of the Clinical Futures model that the Health Board manages, a Flow Centre is operated to ensure that all ambulance admissions (excepting life threatening emergencies) and admissions received from General Practitioners are screened to ensure that the patient is referred and streamed to the correct hospital and department. Further actions within this workstream include:
a. Consultant presence in the Flow Centre to aid senior clinical decision making
b. Redirection for specific conditions to eLGH sites rather than the GUH for more appropriate and rapid assessment and treatment
c. Falls response in the community
2. Emergency Department/Assessment Area Focus
a. Revision of the escalation framework to ensure that the points of escalation during any ambulance handover delays are appropriate
b. Creation of inter-speciality standards
c. Prioritisation and assessment of the balance of risk 2

3. Discharge Logistics
a. Focussing on how the Health Board can better utilise its discharge lounges to provide an immediate and early pull from wards across all sites to create capacity to support ambulance handover times
b. Improving how the internal process for the handover of patients who are transferred from the GUH to the eLGH sites The Health Board is also fully engaged with the NHS Wales Six Goals for Urgent and Emergency Care programme which has been co-designed on a national basis by clinical and professional leads. Spans the urgent and emergency care pathway and reflects the priorities in the Programme for Government 2021 - 2026 to provide effective, high quality and sustainable healthcare as close to home as possible, and to improve service access and integration. The expectation is that adoption of nationwide best practice, including a local input into specifics will improve handover delays and reduce clinical risk. The individual goals and workstreams that have also been instrumental in the reduction in handover delays within the Health Board since February 2023 the Six Goals priorities have been streamed in to three distinct workstreams and includes:
1. Workstream 1 - Redesigning Services for Frail and Older People
a. Development of a permanent acute frailty team to focus on this cohort of patients
b. Redesign of the model for community hospitals including Direct Access beds
c. Extending the Community Resource Team offer to support people with complex needs within the home
d. Work with WAST on a Virtual Ward Model
e. Greater support to Care Homes
2. Workstream 2 Urgent & Emergency Care Redesign
a. Improvements to the Same Day Emergency Care (SDEC) services established within GUH and YYF Hospitals, increasing patient selection which will release capacity for ED and Assessment Units. These services have seen a continued upward trajectory in medical patients since March 2023.
b. Continuing of WAST's 'waiting stack' reviews and continuing redirection of patients where deemed clinically safe and appropriate Improvements in WAST access to the Health Board's Flow Centre
c. Single phone number for health care professionals to enable a smoother contact process with alternative services including community frailty and Urgent primary Care
d. WAST referral line for agreed alternative to ED pathways within the Health Board to prevent direct ED attendances Initial scoping and commitment from the Health Board and WAST to create a collaborative working workstream, specifically looking at alternatives to hospital conveyance:
e. Review of Ambulatory Care pathways including respiratory and chest pain pathways
f. Improvements in community falls including head injury and fractured neck of femur pathways
g. Pilot of an Electronic Triage system within the ED and MIU department waiting rooms to improve efficiency and risk management.
3. Discharge Improvement to support more timely discharge and supporting people back to their own homes thereby reducing urgent and emergency care delays
a. Introduction of focussed patient safety events across all the key Health Board sites to improve discharge processes and number of patients waiting in hospitals for discharge to either home or another facility
b. Creation of a discharge hub at the Royal Gwent Hospital jointly with social care
c. Creation of a Ready to Go Ward and a discharge floor at the Royal Gwent to bring together a discharge lounge, the Ready to Go Ward and in integrated hub to manage patients transition more effectively to their own home
d. Creation of a Hospital to Home service to provide additional support within the community 3

e. A focused project at Nevill Hall Hospital working with Monmouthshire Local Authority focused on proactive discharge arrangements to people's own homes Regarding the second point, whilst the response to Mrs Blackmore was 13 hours, it was acknowledged by WAST that an ACA2 crewed ambulance could have attended to her and conveyed should one have been available to do so. An ACA2 staff member has a skill set that is below that of a Paramedic or Emergency Medical Technician but does have the ability to monitor, treat and convey patients that are within their scope of practice. The Health Board operates an Inter Site Transfer Service (ISTS) comprising a maximum of 10 ACA2 crewed ambulances at peak times. This service was commissioned from WAST specifically to support the Clinical Futures model's required transfers in and out of the Grange University Hospital. WAST do have the ability to utilise these vehicles for a community-based response Band do so on a regular basis, this would have been an appropriate resource to meet Mrs Blackmore's needs. However, on this occasion, this was not requested or actioned. The Health Board understands that there were twenty occasions between 14:56 on 1 February 2023 and 01 :39 on 2 February 2023 where one of the Health Board's ISTS ACA2 ambulances could have been allocated to Mrs Blackmore's amber two category 999 call and this did not happen. Finally, I would wish to reassure you that the Health Board is rigorously focused on the reduction of patient handovers and the associated risk for patients that these delays create. In addition to the focused work referenced above the Chief Operating Officer and the Clinical Executives are providing leadership and challenge to addressing this important issue and it is a personal ambition as Chief Executive that we eradicate these delays as soon as we practically can. I trust that this information reassures you about the Health Board's plans to improve ambulance handover delays. However, if you require any further information or assurance, please do not hesitate to contact me.

Dear Ms Kearsley, Re: Regulation 28 Prevention of Future Deaths Report (Sienna Daisy Barber) I write in response to your regulation 28 report dated 3 May 2023 regarding the very sad death of Sienna Daisy Barber. I would like to express my sincere condolences to Sienna’s family. We have reflected on the circumstances surrounding Sienna’s death and the concerns raised in your report. We note your concerns about the lack of guidance to diagnose and treat group A streptococcus infection specifically, and your request that NICE develop guidance on this subject. We have produced several guidelines to help clinicians treating children presenting with fever and symptoms such as those in the case of Sienna. These include; fever in under 5s: assessment and initial management [NG143], sepsis: recognition, diagnosis and early management [NG51] and sore throat (acute): antimicrobial prescribing [NG84]. Group A streptococcus is not mentioned specifically in these guidelines as the diagnosis and early management of children presenting with fever is similar whatever the underlying pathogen. It is expected that these guidelines are considered when people presenting with symptoms like Siena’s are assessed in primary and secondary care. The recommendations in our guidelines represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals and practitioners are expected to take our guidelines fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or the people using their service. It is not mandatory to apply the recommendations, and the guidelines do not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual, in consultation with them and their families and carers or guardian.

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In addition to our guidance, there are also Clinical Knowledge Summaries (CKS) published on our website on the related topics of scarlet fever and sepsis. The CKS are developed by an external company called Agilio Software and are designed to summarise the evidence on the treatment of specific health conditions, however, they do not constitute NICE guidance and are not mandatory. We have not yet been asked to produce a guideline on group A streptococcus specifically. Topics for the NICE work programme are referred to NICE by the Department of Health and Social Care, NHS England and other government departments in line with the national priorities that they have established.    As you have said in your report, we have also published diagnostic guidance on rapid tests for group A streptococcal infections in people with a sore throat [DG38]. We were unable to recommend the tests for routine adoption for people with a sore throat. This is because their effect on patient outcomes as compared with clinical scoring tools alone, and their potential effect on antimicrobial prescribing and stewardship, is likely to be limited. The diagnostic guidance also highlights that children under 5 should be assessed using NICE's guideline on fever in under 5s: assessment and initial management and people who are at higher risk of complications, for example women who are pregnant or who have just had a baby, or people who are immunocompromised, should be offered antibiotics in line with our guideline on antimicrobial prescribing for acute sore throat. Finally, as you will be aware, NICE is not the only organisation that produces clinical guidelines, and we would also expect that there are local policies and care pathways that are followed in individual hospital trusts. I hope this response has helped outline our role and the guidance we have produced in this topic area.