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Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

P-004743 · Statement · Decision date: 30 January 2026 · View Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals scorecard
Diagnosis Complaint handling Delayed Recognition of Deterioration
Complaint (AI summary)
Miss H complained the Trust's cardiology department failed to determine the cause of Mr H's AF, conduct tests, or consult with him before cardioversion, leading to missed life-threatening conditions and his preventable death.
Outcome (AI summary)
The ombudsman found no indication of serious error in Mr H's care. The Trust acted in line with national guidance by referring him directly for cardioversion for his atrial fibrillation. Complaint closed.

Full decision details

The Complaint

4. Miss H complains about the care the Trust’s cardiology department provided to Mr H when his GP referred him with symptoms of AF in November 2023. She complains Dr A failed to determine the cause of Mr H’s AF or carry out tests or investigations prior to recommending cardioversion.

5. Miss H says Dr A failed to diagnose the life-threatening conditions found on her brother’s autopsy and did not discuss or have a consultation with her brother before his cardioversion. She says they did not discuss family history, order an echocardiogram (an ultrasound of the heart) or chest X-ray, or discuss his high blood pressure or cholesterol.

6. Miss H also complains about delays in the Trust responding to her complaint and says the response failed to acknowledge the issues.

7. Miss H says Mr H’s death was preventable. She feels an echocardiogram would have identified the life-threatening conditions he had, meaning he could have begun lifesaving treatment. She says this caused her significant distress.

8. Miss H says she is now scared to attend the Trust for her own treatment due to the Trust failing to acknowledge the failures. She says she has suffered a huge amount of stress and inconvenience in having to chase the Trust for responses to her complaint, further compounding her distress.

9. Miss H would like the Trust to make service improvements.

Background

10. Mr H’s GP referred him to the cardiology team on 17 November 2023 due to intermittent palpitations (feelings of having a fast beating, fluttering, or pounding heart). The GP enclosed a recent electrocardiogram (ECG) which showed AF. An ECG is a diagnostic tool that measures the electrical activity of the heart. The GP asked if the cardiology team could consider a cardioversion procedure.

11. Rather than see Mr H in clinic, Dr A directly arranged cardioversion which occurred on 31 January 2024. Mr H sadly died on 18 February.

12. Mr H’s death certificate says his cause of death was a heart attack. It says this was brought about by underlying heart failure, namely ischemic heart disease and dilated cardiomyopathy. Heart failure is where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. Ischemic heart disease and dilated cardiomyopathy are types of heart failure.

Findings

Care and treatment

16. Before we decide if we should conduct a detailed investigation of a complaint, we look at whether there are signs the organisation has got something wrong. We do this by comparing what should have happened with what did happen. We have done this and have not found any indications that something has gone wrong.

17. Our adviser explained that from review of the clinical records, Mr H did not demonstrate any symptoms to suggest he had heart failure prior to his cardioversion.

18. The main symptoms for heart failure listed on the NHS website are:

• breathlessness • feeling tired most of the time and finding exercise exhausting • feeling lightheaded or fainting • swollen ankles and legs

19. In their referral to the cardiology team, Mr H’s GP did not mention any of these symptoms. The only symptom mentioned was a fluttering in his chest.

20. Although the NHS website lists palpitations as a less common symptom of heart failure, our adviser explained that in the absence of other symptoms you would not diagnose heart failure based on this alone and with confirmed AF on an ECG.

21. The NICE guidance for AF says to perform an echocardiogram in people with AF:

• for whom a baseline echocardiogram is important for long-term management • for whom a rhythm-control strategy that includes cardioversion is being considered • in whom there is a high risk or a suspicion of underlying structural or functional heart disease (such as heart failure or heart murmur) that influences their subsequent management (for example, choice of antiarrhythmic drug) • in whom refinement of clinical risk stratification for antithrombotic therapy is needed.

22. Our adviser said other than the fact Dr A was referring Mr H for cardioversion, none of the above applies in this case. He explained there was no obvious symptoms suggestive of heart failure or anything else more serious based on his symptoms.

23. Our adviser explained the reason to perform an echocardiogram before cardioversion is to rule out blood clots that could pose a risk during the procedure and could cause a stroke.

24. However, our adviser explained Mr H was on blood thinning medication already and so he would not have had any blood clots. Therefore, there was no requirement to do an echocardiogram. This is in line with the NICE guidance for AF which says an echocardiogram solely for the purpose of further stroke risk stratification in people with AF when they have already started anticoagulation therapy (blood thinning medication) is not necessary.

25. Miss H is concerned the cardiologist relied on the echocardiogram from ten years previously. We have considered this, but we are not persuaded this was the case. The records indicate Dr A had a plan to organise an echocardiogram following cardioversion. Our adviser explained it can be difficult to get an accurate echocardiogram when a patient has an abnormal heart rhythm and so this was reasonable.

26. Specialist cardiac nurses assessed Mr H prior to his cardioversion and identified no problems. Our adviser said a clinic review with the cardiologist is unlikely to have changed his management plan or resulted in any further tests or investigations prior to the cardioversion.

27. Mr H had no background of coronary artery disease, hypertension or diabetes. His GP had checked his cholesterol in November 2023 which was fine. His only symptom was of fluttering in his chest with no chest pain and the GP had confirmed AF on the ECG performed by the GP. Our adviser said based on all of this, the decision to proceed directly to cardioversion was reasonable.

28. In summary, the management of Mr H’s symptoms appears to be in line with the NICE guidance for AF and so we have seen no indications of failures here.

Complaint handling

29. Miss H also complains about delays in the Trust responding to her complaint. She says when she eventually received the complaint response, the Trust did not acknowledge any of the failings in Mr H’s care.

30. Our Principles for Remedy say that organisations should acknowledge when something has gone wrong and take action to learn from complaints to ensure similar mistakes do not happen in future.

31. Because we have not seen anything went seriously wrong in Mr H’s care, we would not expect the Trust to acknowledge poor care either when responding to Miss H’s complaint. We have therefore seen no indicated failings in this aspect of the Trust’s complaint handling.

32. We recognise it took the Trust over a year to provide a written response to Miss H’s complaint. We recognise the frustration and distress this will have caused her.

33. We consider it would be disproportionate to take the concern about the delay in responding to Miss H’s complaint forward by itself.

34. This is because as an Ombudsman, we need to maintain a balance between supporting those who complain to us to get a remedy for the injustice they have experienced and ensuring we use our resources to achieve the most impact.

35. We have checked our records, and we have not upheld any other recent complaints about delays in complaint handling at the Trust. We can also see the Trust has already apologised to Miss H for the delay’s in responding to her complaint. We consider further consideration of this matter would not achieve a worthwhile outcome.

36. We are sorry we are unable to take this part of Miss H’s complaint further and in reaching this decision we are in no way underestimating the upset the delays caused her. We hope we have clearly explained the reasons we have decided not to take this further.

Our Decision

1. We have carefully considered Miss H’s complaint about the care Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (the Trust) provided to her late brother, Mr H. We were sorry to hear of the serious concerns she has about Mr H’s care and treatment prior to his death and the impact this has had on her.

2. We have seen no indication anything went seriously wrong in the care the Trust provided to Mr H. We consider the Trust acted in line with national guidance by referring Mr H directly for cardioversion for his atrial fibrillation (AF). AF is a heart condition that causes an irregular heartbeat, and cardioversion is a procedure which restores normal heart rhythm.

3. We hope our decision provides some reassurance to Miss H around the issues she raised.

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