While some local authorities have already been using the planning system to improve their local food environment, the changes to the National Planning Policy Framework should encourage more local authorities to refuse applications for hot food takeaways and fast-food outlets where further provision would not benefit local population health. However, vague definitions risk undermining local authority attempts to create healthier environments by leaving them vulnerable to challenge from large corporations. Clearer guidance and tighter definitions are needed to ensure local authorities are in the strongest position to face down any challenges. The important voice of public health also needs to be strengthened in local authority planning policy. (Conclusion, Paragraph 90) 55