Electronic Waste and the Circular Economy

Environmental Audit Committee Closed Inquiry
Opened: 13 Mar 2020 Closed: 26 Feb 2021 Parliament page
The Environmental Audit Committee re-launched an inquiry into Electronic Waste and the Circular Economy on Friday 13 March. This inquiry will explore how the UK could reduce its environmental impact, create economic opportunities and maintain access to critical materials by better managing and minimising its e-waste. Evidence submitted to the … Read more
29 Recommendations
14 Conclusions
1 Report
4 Oral sessions
2 Letters
4 Events
Oral evidence sessions 4 sessions
Oral Evidence
Chris Preston · Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Malcolm Lythgo · Environment Agency Rebecca Pow MP · Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
E-Waste panel 1; E-Waste panel 2
Andrew Mullen · Joint Trade Association Astrid Wynne · TechBuyer Eva Gouwens · Fairphone Kevin Consindine · Samsung Matthew Manning · DixonsCarphone Robert ter Kuile · Amazon
Oral evidence
Heather McFarlane · Fidra Jim Puckett · Basel Action Network Libby Peake · Green Alliance Martyn Allen · Electrical Safety First Susanne Baker · techUK Ugo Vallauri · The Restart Project
Oral evidence
Adrian Hawkes · Distributor Take-back scheme Gurbaksh Badhan · National Association of Waste Disposal Officers Lee Marshall · The Local Authority Recycling Advisory Committee Louise Grantham · Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment Scheme Forum Phil Conran · Approved Authorised Treatment Facilities Forum Scott Butler · Material Focus
Recommendations & Conclusions
43 results
1 Conclusion Acknowledged
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
The system of collection targets in the UK is unclear.
The system of collection targets in the UK is unclear. National figures on collection rates include a significant amount of estimation about electronics that have been collected in different ways, with no clear understanding as to whether those collected electronics … Read more
Government Response
The government notes the Committee's concern about estimates and their reliability, explaining that white goods are often recycled outside the official WEEE system due to scrap metal value, and that estimates minimize business burdens. It acknowledges the importance of understanding these volumes but doesn't commit to specific actions to clarify the system or improve data on treatment quality.
2 Recommendation Rejected
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
We recommend that the Government reconsiders the use of substantiated estimates in the E-waste system...
We recommend that the Government reconsiders the use of substantiated estimates in the E-waste system when evaluating performance. (Paragraph 30) Conclusion
Government Response
The government notes the committee's concern about substantiated estimates but defends their use, explaining that they are necessary to account for white goods treated outside the formal system and help minimise burdens on businesses.
3 Conclusion Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
Targets for producer compliance schemes have been missed over recent years.
Targets for producer compliance schemes have been missed over recent years. For 2020 the target has been brought down to match the actual amount collected in 2019 due to the impact of Covid-19. Targets are set annually, which prevents all … Read more
Government Response
The government acknowledges the committee's point regarding short-term targets and their impact on long-term planning for WEEE collection. They commit to exploring this issue in depth during a review of current regulations and will seek views and evidence as part of a consultation later this year.
4 Recommendation Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
DEFRA must set long term targets that align with existing commitments like zero waste to...
DEFRA must set long term targets that align with existing commitments like zero waste to landfill. The targets should have milestones at clear intervals, to allow certainty for businesses and investors. They must be set using independently verified data not … Read more
Government Response
The government acknowledges the committee's recommendation for long-term targets and the case for certainty for businesses and investors. However, they will explore this issue in more depth and seek views as part of a review of current regulations and a consultation later this year.
5 Conclusion Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
Our inquiry has heard that making official collection routes for the public easy and consistent...
Our inquiry has heard that making official collection routes for the public easy and consistent is key to ensuring products are correctly re-used, repaired and recycled. Retailer take-back is an effective method, so we welcome the Government requirement for large … Read more
Government Response
The government thanks the Committee for highlighting the need for enhanced retailer obligations and parity between online and physical sellers. They confirm this is a key area for reform and will consult on proposals as part of the review of WEEE Regulations, drawing on principles from extended producer responsibility for packaging.
6 Recommendation Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
Our high streets are under severe pressure and current regulations, coming into force from 2021,...
Our high streets are under severe pressure and current regulations, coming into force from 2021, could unfairly entrench the competitive advantage of online retailers and 60 Electronic Waste and the Circular Economy marketplaces like Amazon. As a matter of urgency … Read more
Government Response
The government acknowledges the need for parity in obligations for online sellers and marketplaces, stating that ongoing work for Extended Producer Responsibility for packaging will inform the review of WEEE Regulations, on which they will consult.
7 Recommendation Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
To prevent a potential loophole with take-back being offered only at remote, inconvenient warehouses, the...
To prevent a potential loophole with take-back being offered only at remote, inconvenient warehouses, the regulations should follow the exemplary innovation shown by AO.com and DixonsCarphone. Online retailers and marketplaces for electrical and electronic equipment must arrange and pay for … Read more
Government Response
The government acknowledges the need to enhance retailer obligations and ensure parity for online sellers, highlighting this as a key area for reform; they will consult on proposals for these changes as part of the WEEE Regulations review.
8 Conclusion Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
A mixture of collection types is needed to tackle the significant E-waste collection challenges.
A mixture of collection types is needed to tackle the significant E-waste collection challenges. As well as Retailer Take-back, kerbside collection has been shown to be very effective and easy for the public to hand-over their electronics cost-effectively and with … Read more
Government Response
The government recognises the importance of robust collection infrastructure, including kerbside collections, and is exploring options for rolling these out. They will consult on these proposals as part of the WEEE Regulations review.
9 Recommendation Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
The Government must make this mandatory for local authorities, with the cost paid for by...
The Government must make this mandatory for local authorities, with the cost paid for by producers and those smaller retailers or online marketplaces still exempt from collecting E-waste directly from the public. (Paragraph 70) Conclusion
Government Response
The government agrees on the importance of robust collection infrastructure and is exploring options for kerbside collections and enhanced retailer obligations. They will consult on these options as part of a review of WEEE Regulations later this year.
10 Recommendation Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
An Extended Producer Responsibility scheme could be used to incentivise the very best practice in...
An Extended Producer Responsibility scheme could be used to incentivise the very best practice in circular low-carbon product design. However, care must be taken to put circular economy principles at the heart of the policy and efforts made to harmonise … Read more
Government Response
The government acknowledges the recommendation to enhance retailer obligations and ensure parity for online sellers, stating these principles will form an important part of the upcoming review of WEEE Regulations and will be subject to consultation.
11 Recommendation Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
In any future producer responsibility system online marketplaces like Amazon should be responsible for ensuring...
In any future producer responsibility system online marketplaces like Amazon should be responsible for ensuring that all EEE that is sold on their platforms is fully compliant with the law. Furthermore, producers should be required to pay exactly the same … Read more
Government Response
The government acknowledges the need for parity in obligations for online sellers and marketplaces, stating that ongoing work for Extended Producer Responsibility for packaging will inform the review of WEEE Regulations, on which they will consult.
12 Conclusion Accepted
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
It is welcome that Government plans to monitor progress against the Resource and Waste Strategy,...
It is welcome that Government plans to monitor progress against the Resource and Waste Strategy, including both a measure of per capita material and resource consumption and measures of resource productivity with the goal being to double resource productivity by … Read more
Government Response
The government thanks the Committee and affirms its commitment to transition to a circular economy, reiterating existing plans and strategies to monitor material consumption and double resource productivity by 2050. They are exploring the possibility of setting a legally-binding target to increase resource productivity.
13 Recommendation Acknowledged
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
As a complement to the monitoring per capita material consumption there must also be a...
As a complement to the monitoring per capita material consumption there must also be a target in place to reduce consumption to a sustainable level in line with the research highlighted in this report. Due to the increasing number of … Read more
Government Response
The government acknowledges the recommendation and is exploring setting a legally-binding target to increase resource productivity under the Environment Bill, stating the target-setting process will review the level of ambition, but does not specifically commit to per capita consumption targets or a sub-target for electronics.
14 Recommendation Accepted in Part
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
The UK Government must confirm that it intends to follow the approach taken by other...
The UK Government must confirm that it intends to follow the approach taken by other countries to ban the practice of intentionally shortening the lifespan of products through planned obsolescence. (Paragraph 85) Conclusion
Government Response
The government agrees there is no place for planned obsolescence and has existing and forthcoming policy measures, including recent consultation on Ecodesign Regulations, to increase product lifetimes and tackle premature obsolescence. They will also explore eco-modulation in WEEE regulations, but do not explicitly confirm they will follow the approach of other countries to ban the practice.
15 Conclusion Acknowledged
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
Consumers have a low trust in the electronic market and the longevity of products, both...
Consumers have a low trust in the electronic market and the longevity of products, both new, and repaired. They lack the information to make informed choices about the balance between cost, quality and the lifetime of the products they are … Read more
Government Response
The government acknowledges the committee's conclusion regarding low consumer trust and lack of information, stating it shares the desire to increase product lifetimes. It outlines existing and forthcoming policy measures, including recent ecodesign consultations, and commits to exploring eco-modulation through a future WEEE Regulations review to incentivize more sustainable product design.
16 Recommendation Accepted in Part
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
To overcome this issue, we recommend that the Government require producers to label their electrical...
To overcome this issue, we recommend that the Government require producers to label their electrical and electronic products outlining the product’s expected lifetime, including how long a device will receive software security upgrades. To enhance the label to be more … Read more
Government Response
The government has consulted on draft Ecodesign Regulations covering consumer information and is committed to supporting greater durability and repairability. They also plan to explore and consult on applying eco-modulation to the WEEE system, but do not commit to mandating specific lifetime or software upgrade labelling or a durable accreditation scheme.
17 Recommendation Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
Minister Pow MP indicated that the Government is looking into enhancing and extending the minimum...
Minister Pow MP indicated that the Government is looking into enhancing and extending the minimum guarantees on electronic products, including software. We support this proposal and urge the Government to bring this forward with the aim of removing electronics with … Read more
Government Response
The government agrees on the importance of Ecodesign and consumer information to combat planned obsolescence. They refer to past consultations on Ecodesign Regulations and state they will explore applying eco-modulation principles within the WEEE system review to incentivise better Ecodesign.
18 Recommendation Accepted in Part
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
We support this proposal and urge the Government to bring this forward with the aim...
We support this proposal and urge the Government to bring this forward with the aim of removing electronics with unduly short lives from the market. The expected lifetime label must be linked to the minimum lifespan guarantee. Particular attention must … Read more
Government Response
The government shares the committee's desire to end planned obsolescence and promote product longevity. They refer to existing Ecodesign Regulations which address durability and repairability, and commit to exploring the application of eco-modulation in the WEEE system, which they will consult on as part of the WEEE Regulations review.
19 Recommendation Accepted in Part
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
The UK has a long history of engineering, and the public wants to be able...
The UK has a long history of engineering, and the public wants to be able repair their products. When products are designed, durability and repairability should be key considerations. The Government must enshrine the right to repair in law, enforcing … Read more
Government Response
The government has consulted on draft Ecodesign Regulations which include requirements for information on repairs and sourcing, and is committed to supporting greater durability and repairability. They also plan to explore and consult on applying eco-modulation to the WEEE system to incentivize better ecodesign, but do not explicitly commit to enshrining the 'right to repair' in law with all specified enforcements.
20 Recommendation Accepted in Part
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
The Government must enshrine the right to repair in law, enforcing access to (1) repair...
The Government must enshrine the right to repair in law, enforcing access to (1) repair manuals; (2) access to affordable spare parts for products; and (3) ability to repair products without repairers needing access to physical or software tools specifically … Read more
Government Response
The government has consulted on draft Ecodesign Regulations which include requirements for information on repairs and sourcing, and is committed to supporting greater durability and repairability. They also plan to explore and consult on applying eco-modulation to the WEEE system, but do not explicitly commit to enshrining the 'right to repair' in law with all specified enforcements.
21 Recommendation Acknowledged
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
Technology companies, repair organisations and the UK Government should collaborate to ensure safety is ensured...
Technology companies, repair organisations and the UK Government should collaborate to ensure safety is ensured during the repair of electronics. This could be through creating professional standards, that will in turn drive more consumer trust. This collaboration should also look … Read more
Government Response
The government commits to ensuring consumer safety and intellectual property considerations are taken on board during policy development to support greater durability, repairability, and recyclability of electrical products, and will explore eco-modulation within the WEEE Regulations review.
22 Recommendation Accepted in Part
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
The Government should mandate that products be labelled with a repairability score, based on the...
The Government should mandate that products be labelled with a repairability score, based on the products design, the availability and cost of spare parts, access and ease of use of repair manuals. This will incentivise companies to go beyond the … Read more
Government Response
The government has consulted on draft Ecodesign Regulations, which include requirements for repair information. They are committed to supporting greater durability and repairability, and will explore and consult on applying eco-modulation to the WEEE system to incentivize better ecodesign, but do not explicitly commit to mandating repairability scores or specific rewards.
23 Conclusion Rejected
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
Another proposal supported by industry is a reduction in VAT on repair services from the...
Another proposal supported by industry is a reduction in VAT on repair services from the current standard rate. This is also supported by Professor Tim Cooper and is in place in a number of countries across the EU. (Paragraph 112) … Read more
Government Response
The government appreciates the rationale for reducing VAT on repairs but explicitly states there are no plans to change the VAT treatment of electronic items at present due to significant fiscal considerations and potential revenue loss.
24 Conclusion Rejected
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
The UK Government should encourage repairability through reducing VAT charged on the repair of electrical...
The UK Government should encourage repairability through reducing VAT charged on the repair of electrical and electronic products. (Paragraph 112) Conclusion
Government Response
The government appreciates the rationale for reducing VAT on repairs but states there are no plans to change the VAT treatment of electronic items due to significant revenue implications and fiscal constraints.
25 Conclusion Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
Producers, local authorities and recyclers have little or no incentive to re-use products over recycling...
Producers, local authorities and recyclers have little or no incentive to re-use products over recycling them. (Paragraph 116) Recommendation 15
Government Response
The government recognizes the importance of reuse and commits to exploring the feasibility of measures, including reuse targets and modulated financial obligations under the WEEE Regulations, and will consult on policy proposals to this effect.
26 Recommendation Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
The Government must increase the incentives for re-use so that all parties benefit from further...
The Government must increase the incentives for re-use so that all parties benefit from further re-use, in particularly making re-use evidence worth more than recycling evidence. (Paragraph 116) Conclusion
Government Response
The government committed in its Resources and Waste Strategy to explore measures for increased reuse in its WEEE Regulations review. It is discussing with stakeholders and will fully explore the role of reuse targets, modulating financial obligations, and other policy proposals, which will be part of a consultation.
27 Conclusion Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
Some countries set re-use targets for electronics, such as Spain and Belgium.
Some countries set re-use targets for electronics, such as Spain and Belgium. (Paragraph 117) Recommendation 16
Government Response
The government recognizes the importance of encouraging reuse and commits to fully exploring the potential role of reuse targets, including how they should be defined and monitored, as part of its review of the WEEE Regulations, and will consult on policy proposals.
28 Recommendation Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
The UK Government should set similar re-use targets for producer compliance schemes, with penalties levied...
The UK Government should set similar re-use targets for producer compliance schemes, with penalties levied when targets are missed. These targets must be set long term and ratchet over time to give the industry clarity and time to prepare. (Paragraph … Read more
Government Response
The government recognises the importance of reuse and committed to exploring the feasibility of measures to encourage it within the WEEE Regulations review. They will fully explore the potential role of reuse targets and consult on policy proposals.
29 Recommendation Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
Manufacturers of electronics must ensure that their products are recyclable and dismantlable by waste treatment...
Manufacturers of electronics must ensure that their products are recyclable and dismantlable by waste treatment operators. The Government must apply incentives, potentially through the extended producer responsibility scheme, for the design of products that are easy to recycle. (Paragraph 126) … Read more
Government Response
The government commits to exploring the application of eco-modulation within the WEEE system to incentivize manufacturers to design more sustainable, durable, repairable, and recyclable electrical products, and will consult on its practical introduction as part of the WEEE Regulations review.
30 Recommendation Rejected
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
Producers, via producer compliance schemes, should provide information to recyclers about the materials, including quantities,...
Producers, via producer compliance schemes, should provide information to recyclers about the materials, including quantities, in their products. A clear date should be set for this to be mandatory. Once the national material datahub is operational then manufacturers’ information should … Read more
Government Response
The government notes concerns about substantiated estimates but states it intends to continue using them, effectively declining to mandate that producers provide specific material information to recyclers with a clear mandatory date as recommended.
31 Recommendation Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
We recommend that the Government fast-tracks the national materials datahub to track critical raw materials...
We recommend that the Government fast-tracks the national materials datahub to track critical raw materials in the UK. The aspects that focus on critical raw materials, E-waste and toxic chemicals should be operational by 2023. (Paragraph 128) 64 Electronic Waste … Read more
Government Response
The government recognizes the value of a National Materials Datahub but states the project is currently on hold. Discussions are underway to establish future demand and funding options, indicating a deferral of the recommendation to fast-track its implementation by 2023.
32 Conclusion Rejected
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
Current recycling and recovery targets and metrics, based on weight, are not sufficient to incentivise...
Current recycling and recovery targets and metrics, based on weight, are not sufficient to incentivise the capture of valuable materials. (Paragraph 133) Recommendation 20
Government Response
The government states it does not have explicit plans to introduce further critical raw material recovery targets. However, they commit to exploring innovation such as product passports and waste tracking to enhance recycling and extraction of high value materials.
33 Recommendation Accepted in Part
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
Clear targets for E-waste treatment facilities that are based on capturing value, including critical raw...
Clear targets for E-waste treatment facilities that are based on capturing value, including critical raw materials, and their environmental impact must be set. (Paragraph 133) Recommendation 21
Government Response
The government states existing WEEE Regulations stipulate recycling rates and does not have explicit plans for further critical raw material targets. However, it will explore introducing product passports and waste tracking to enhance the recycling and extraction of high-value materials.
34 Recommendation Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
Recycling methods covered by Best Available Treatment Recovery and Recycling Techniques, and recycling and recovery...
Recycling methods covered by Best Available Treatment Recovery and Recycling Techniques, and recycling and recovery targets must be ambitious with a shift away from recovery towards high-quality recycling. There must be a clearly defined and communicated long-term pathway, with milestones, … Read more
Government Response
The government states that a shift to higher-quality recycling would require more challenging targets. They note that existing Best Available Treatment (BAT) and Best Available Treatment Recovery and Recycling Techniques (BATRRT) standards are being reviewed, with new enhanced guidance planned for consultation in early 2021.
35 Recommendation Acknowledged
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
Government investment in low-quality Energy from Waste plants should at the least be matched by...
Government investment in low-quality Energy from Waste plants should at the least be matched by investment in higher quality recycling methods that mean materials, particularly rare and valuable ones can be re-used. Energy from Waste, though important to prevent items … Read more
Government Response
The government believes its primary goal is to incentivise higher quality recycling methods and will explore whether a longer-term approach to target setting could promote investment in these methods. They do not commit to matching investment in Energy from Waste or explicitly prioritising other methods.
36 Conclusion Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
The current short-term and transactional nature of the electronic waste system is not delivering the...
The current short-term and transactional nature of the electronic waste system is not delivering the high-quality and high-capacity recycling this country needs if it is to reach a circular economy and extract the full benefits to jobs and the economy … Read more
Government Response
The government notes concerns about the short-term nature of the WEEE system and will explore and consult on a longer-term approach to promote certainty and investment in higher quality recycling methods as part of its WEEE Regulations review.
37 Recommendation Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
The Government must take strong steps to overcome the problems besetting the system by mandating...
The Government must take strong steps to overcome the problems besetting the system by mandating that producers, compliance schemes, local authorities and AATF enter longer term contracts to create partnerships and longer-term certainty. It must also ensure that the market … Read more
Government Response
The government will explore whether a longer-term approach to the WEEE system's annual target setting would provide more certainty and investment, and will consult on such an approach as part of the WEEE Regulations review, rather than immediately mandating longer-term contracts.
38 Conclusion Acknowledged
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
Increasing resource productivity by reducing the amount of resource that is extracted to make new...
Increasing resource productivity by reducing the amount of resource that is extracted to make new products will be crucial to reducing the damaging impact of extractive industries on the environment and safeguarding scarce resources that are vital to a low-carbon … Read more
Government Response
The government notes the importance of stimulating recycled materials use and describes existing Ecodesign powers and a Call for Evidence which will inform future policy, also committing to explore eco-modulation of producer financial obligations in the WEEE Regulations review.
39 Recommendation Deferred
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
The Government should find ways of driving the use of more recycled materials in new...
The Government should find ways of driving the use of more recycled materials in new products. This could be done through taxes on virgin materials, or through rewarding producers that use recycled products through eco-modulated fees. (Paragraph 150) Conclusion Read more
Government Response
The government acknowledges the importance of stimulating recycled material use and is considering a range of policy options, including eco-modulation, through ongoing evidence gathering and a review of the WEEE Regulations.
40 Conclusion Acknowledged
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
There are in some cases legitimate reasons to export overseas old electronics that can have...
There are in some cases legitimate reasons to export overseas old electronics that can have a second life. (Paragraph 159) Recommendation 25
Government Response
The government agrees with the serious impact of illegal e-waste exports and is committed to ensuring lawful exports. They discuss regulations and ongoing work by the Basel Convention on e-waste classification and shipment for repair, providing context around the complexities of legitimate and unlawful exports.
41 Recommendation Rejected
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
However, due to the serious impact of E-waste on human health and the environment, both...
However, due to the serious impact of E-waste on human health and the environment, both here and overseas, and the sheer quantity potentially being exported illegally, the Environment Agency should deem all electrical and electronic exports as risky and in … Read more
Government Response
The government agrees on the seriousness of illegal e-waste exports, but notes the majority are already high risk and a legislation change would be required to deem all exports as such. They highlight existing POPs regulations and ongoing international work via the Basel Convention.
42 Recommendation Rejected
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
The presumption, unless proved otherwise, should be that electronics are not usable.
The presumption, unless proved otherwise, should be that electronics are not usable. All electronics should be tested and proved to work before exportation. No good should be exported that needs repair to be workable. There should be harmonisation of this … Read more
Government Response
The government rejects the recommendation to presume electronics are not usable and require testing before export, stating current legislation doesn't allow it and they do not want to restrict legitimate re-use. However, they will explore requirements for and review new guidance on the definition of waste regarding used equipment.
43 Recommendation Accepted
First Report - Electronic Waste an…
The Environment Agency in England should be undertaking stronger enforcement activity and should be actively...
The Environment Agency in England should be undertaking stronger enforcement activity and should be actively collecting data and information to estimate the actual quantities of E-waste being exported illegally. (Paragraph 161) 66 Electronic Waste and the Circular Economy Read more
Government Response
The government states the Environment Agency already uses an intelligence-based approach for enforcement and collects data, with recent legislation changes expected to provide more data on plastic exports. It affirms that robust enforcement will continue when intelligence is gathered and that the EA supports industry initiatives to estimate illegal exports.
Government Response AI assessment · 43 of 29 classified

Total 29 recs + 14 conclusions
Correspondence 2 letters
17 Sep 2020 Apple to Chair on environmental impact of the electronics industry
Parliament page
15 Sep 2020 Chair to Apple on environmental impact of the electronics industry
Parliament page