We welcome the Government’s focus for COP26 on nature-based solutions (NbS) and the increased investment provided by the Nature for Climate fund. Nature- based solutions could substantially contribute to meeting the UK’s net zero goals 122 Biodiversity in the UK: bloom or bust? but must not be seen as a substitute from the urgent task of decarbonising all sectors of the economy, and in particular, the UK’s energy system. It’s also essential that the Government follows best practice standards for Nature Based Solutions. This will ensure biodiversity benefits are delivered as part of NbS, and the trade- offs between cost effectiveness, long and short-term gains and securing different environmental benefits, can be managed through a transparent and inclusive process.