3.1 The growing complexity within the international system makes addressing transnational challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic, increasingly difficult. Despite this, there have been positive aspects to the multilateral response on COVID-19 on which we can build. For example, the global fiscal response led by the IMF and multilateral development banks; and vaccine equity through initiatives such as Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness (CEPI) and the COVAX facility. The UK has played a key role in these. 3.2 COVID-19 has also exposed some weaknesses in the international system and we will need to work with others to support and strengthen multilateral organisations to ensure they are fit for purpose through institutional reform, modernising rules, and ensuring adequate financing, effective diplomatic input and representative governance. We are willing to build and invest in new partnerships and mechanisms that are agile, innovative and enable us to find the right solutions.