As insecurity continues in Tigray, humanitarian access to the region remains constrained, particularly in and around the city of Shire.79 Fighting, clashes, and ambushes have affected not only the safety and wellbeing of millions of people but also constrained humanitarian agencies’ operations.80 The delivery of humanitarian assistance is further complicated by bureaucratic obstacles and the presence of various armed actors, particularly in rural areas.81 Paul Turnbull explained that many of the ministries in Tigray had become dysfunctional.82 73 Q13 [Edward Brown] 74 OCHA, Ethiopia – Tigray Region Humanitarian Update: Situation Report, 22 March 2021 75 UNHCR, Regional Update 14: Ethiopia Situation (Tigray Region), 16 March – 7 April, 12 April 2021 76 OCHA, Humanitarian Needs Overview Ethiopia, February 2021, p.53 77 OCHA, Ethiopia – Tigray Region Humanitarian Update: Situation Report, 13 March 2021, p.8 78 Q5 [Paul Turnbull] 79 International Organization for Migration, Northern Ethiopia Crisis Situation Report 4, 11–18 January 2021, 19 March 2021, p.1 80 OCHA, Ethiopia – Tigray Region Humanitarian Update: Situation Report, 30 March 2021, p.1 81 OCHA, Ethiopia – Tigray Region Humanitarian Update: Situation Report, 19 February 2021 82 Q10 [Paul Turnbull] The humanitarian situation in Tigray 17