The antimicrobial potential of bacteriophages

Science, Innovation and Technology Committee Closed Inquiry
Opened: 9 Nov 2022 Closed: 28 May 2024 Parliament page
This inquiry is informed by the successful pitch to the Committee’s My Science inquiry. The World Health Organisation has warned that antibiotic resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest threats to global health, food security, and development today, while the Government’s Special Envoy on Antimicrobial Resistance, Dame Sally Davies, has … Read more
23 Recommendations
10 Conclusions
1 Report
3 Oral sessions
3 Events
Activity timeline 8 events
1 Mar
2024
Report published
3 Jan
2024
Report published
26 Apr
2023
Oral evidence
26 Apr
2023
Formal meeting (oral evidence session) · Room 15, Palace of Westminster
15 Mar
2023
Oral evidence
15 Mar
2023
Formal meeting (oral evidence session) · Room 6, Palace of Westminster
8 Feb
2023
Oral evidence
8 Feb
2023
Formal meeting (oral evidence session) · The Grimond Room, Portcullis House
Oral evidence sessions 3 sessions
26 Apr 2023
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Panel One; Panel Two
Dr Jonathan Pearce · Medical Research Council Dr Marc Bailey · Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency Dr Morwenna Carrington · Department for Health and Social Care Dr Tim Jinks · Wellcome Trust Professor Isabel Oliver · UK Health Security Agency Professor Mark Sutton · UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Richard Hebdon · Innovate UK
15 Mar 2023
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Dr Hans Petter Kleppen · ACD Pharma Dr Jean-Paul Pirnay · Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels Dr Mzia Kutateladze · George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology Greg Merril · Adaptive Phage Therapeutics Naomi Zak · BiomX Professor Jon Iredell · The Westmead Institute for Medical Research Professor Robert Schooley · UC San Diego School of Medicine
8 Feb 2023
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Dr James Soothill · Great Ormond Street Hospital Laboratory Medicine Dr Josh Jones · NHS Tayside Mr David Browning · Fixed Phage LTD Ms Stephanie Lesage · Oxford Silk Phage Technologies Ltd Professor Cath Rees · University of Nottingham Professor Joanne M. Santini · University College London Professor Martha Clokie · University of Leicester
Title HC No. Published Items Response
First Report - The antimicrobial potential of bacteriophages HC 328 3 Jan 2024 33 Responded
Recommendations & Conclusions
10 results
Clear
2 Conclusion Accepted
First Report - The antimicrobial p…
Further clinical trials required to prove consistent effectiveness of phages and combinations
Clinical data indicates that in many cases phages have been observed to reduce bacterial infections in patients. We also heard that their use in animals has also been shown to be effective. However, further clinical trials are required to prove … Read more
Government Response
The government described existing provisions for researchers, including access to bacterial strain panels and expertise, and highlighted funding opportunities through NIHR and UKRI. It specifically noted Innovate UK's recently launched £30 million PACE initiative to accelerate early-stage innovation in AMR, including phage projects.
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
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3 Recommendation Accepted
First Report - The antimicrobial p…
Consider specific evidence standards for phage safety and effectiveness in UK healthcare settings
We recommend that the Department for Health and Social Care (DHSC), the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) should now consider … Read more
Government Response
The MHRA committed to providing non-binding advisory guidance on the specific data needed to evaluate licensed phage products for NHS use. The government also confirmed it will continue to engage with phage stakeholders through the Innovate UK KTN Phage Innovation Network.
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
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5 Conclusion Accepted
First Report - The antimicrobial p…
Funders show reticence towards promising phage research despite general acceptance
However, the apparent reticence of funders to commit to phages is despite a general acceptance in the evidence we took that phages show promise and need more research alongside clinical trials. It is important to understand and reflect on the … Read more
Government Response
The government welcomed the UK KTN Phage Innovation Network's role and stated it would consider its report recommendations, but clarified it does not plan a public response. It highlighted the existing AMR Funders Forum, chaired by the MRC, as the body that supports coordination of AMR research.
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
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15 Conclusion Accepted
First Report - The antimicrobial p…
Cost and low investment deter pharmaceutical firms from establishing UK GMP phage facilities
One of the main obstacles to establishing Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) facilities in the UK is the cost and the reluctance of pharmaceutical firms to invest in phages and antimicrobials more generally because of an uncertain return on investment compared … Read more
Government Response
The government acknowledges manufacturing challenges and highlights existing capital grant programmes that incentivize life sciences manufacturing investment. NHS England has also committed to consider whether its antimicrobial subscription model may be relevant to phage products in the future.
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
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17 Recommendation Accepted
First Report - The antimicrobial p…
Require MHRA to provide guidance on regulating phage cocktails based on individual ingredients
We recommend that the MHRA provides guidance on how phage cocktails will be regulated. It should consider the case of influenza vaccines, and allow phage permutations to be assessed on the basis of their individual constituent ingredients meeting agreed purity … Read more
Government Response
The government states that the MHRA is developing non-binding advisory guidance for the licensing requirements of phage products, which will address regulatory frameworks and genetic modifications, with public input.
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
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22 Recommendation Accepted
First Report - The antimicrobial p…
Require MHRA to outline regulatory approach for clinical safety of diverse phage scenarios
The MHRA should set out how they propose to regulate and ensure clinical safety for each of the scenarios set out above. This would allow for the narrowing of R&D and production work to prevent wasted effort and allow an … Read more
Government Response
The government states that MHRA non-binding advisory guidance for licensed phage products is in development, scheduled for public consultation in 2024, and will define safety tests and extrapolation for bacteriophages. It also confirms GMP requirements for named-patient use.
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
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23 Recommendation Accepted
First Report - The antimicrobial p…
Mandate MHRA to outline support for personalised medicine development within one year
The MHRA should also set out more broadly how current clinical trial structures can support the development and regulation of new personalised medicines. This should include an outline of what changes may be required to underpin this emerging and promising … Read more
Government Response
The government commits to reviewing clinical trial legislation, with accompanying guidance to be published in 2024, and is establishing clinical trial acceleration networks to support innovation and new ways of delivering trials.
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
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25 Recommendation Accepted
First Report - The antimicrobial p…
Require MHRA to clarify phage standards for clinical trials and GMP acquisition
We recommend that the MHRA sets out what standard of phages will be required for UK clinical trials and how GMP will be acquired by UK produced phages if they cannot be assessed by a clinical trial. This guidance should … Read more
Government Response
The government states that the MHRA's draft non-binding advisory guidance on phage regulation, intended for public consultation later this year, will define quality, safety, and efficacy standards for licensed phages. It also clarifies that phages for named-patient use require GMP standards but not clinical trials.
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
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26 Recommendation Accepted
First Report - The antimicrobial p…
Mandate DHSC, NIHR and MHRA to support phage researchers' clinical trial applications
The funding of clinical trials, especially later trials, has proved an obstacle for phages. We were pleased to hear that the National Institute for Health and Care Research would welcome applications from phage researchers and companies to access public funding … Read more
Government Response
The government states that the NIHR offers an existing Research Support Service for researchers, including those working on phages, and that MHRA's upcoming guidance will recommend sponsors engage with them for scientific advice, which MHRA already provides.
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
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27 Recommendation Accepted
First Report - The antimicrobial p…
Require MHRA to outline use of international and non-health data for phage regulation
We are pleased that the MHRA is open to using phage data from a variety of sources as long as it is of sufficient quality. We recommend that the MHRA outlines how it will use clinical data from other countries … Read more
Government Response
The government states that the MHRA has mutual recognition agreements and has introduced the International Recognition Procedure (IRP) from January 2024, which allows it to recognise the decision-making of trusted reference regulators to expedite market approval for products in the UK.
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
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Government Response AI assessment · 33 of 23 classified
Accepted 10
Accepted in Part 1
Acknowledged 7
Deferred 9
Rejected 6
Total 23 recs + 10 conclusions