As with other low-carbon systems, there are costs associated with the development of infrastructure and the uptake of hydrogen use within every use case. The relatively higher prospective cost of low-carbon hydrogen will increase overall costs of, for example, manufacturing, transportation, or heating. There is a risk that because of these costs and impacts on end user prices, the companies and other entities forming these new hydrogen-based, low-carbon, value chains risk failure from non- competitiveness. (Paragraph 197) The role of hydrogen in achieving Net Zero 77