Preventive and public health services for mental health have not had the same priority and focus on improvement as NHS mental health treatment services. Previous government strategies have emphasised the importance of preventive services for mental health and wellbeing, alongside treatment for mental illness. However, we, and many stakeholders, are concerned that preventive services have not been given the same priority and focus as NHS treatment services. From 2018–19 to 2022–23, the local authority public health grant had a real-terms reduction of 6%. The new ICSs will be a key mechanism for taking forward public health improvements and, while the Department and NHSE argue that “a fair amount of progress” has been made in promoting mental health over the last 10 to 15 years, they acknowledge that not all areas are fully mature in terms of preventive infrastructure. Given the range of social and economic factors that affect mental health, an effective preventive programme will require action from across government. In April 2022, government consulted on plans for a new 10-year cross-government strategy on mental health and wellbeing. However, many stakeholders have expressed their disappointment about the replacement of this by a planned five-year major conditions strategy from the Department, with mental health one of six conditions covered. Recommendation 6: The Major Conditions Strategy must clearly set out how preventive and public health services for mental health will be improved and expanded, including how the right workforce will be secured. 8 Progress in improving NHS mental health services 1 Progress in improving and expanding mental health services