We are concerned that HMRC may be lagging behind other established tax authorities in preventing fraudulent VAT registrations. HMRC is constantly changing its processes to prevent criminals from exploiting the tax system. VAT is particularly susceptible to fraud and criminality as it can involve HMRC repaying large amounts to taxpayers. We raised concerns about a case where a criminal used a legitimate company’s details to apply for a VAT registration number and make fraudulent VAT repayment claims. We understand that the criminal was successful in the UK, but that safeguards adopted by the German tax authorities appeared more effective at identifying similar fraudulent activities at an earlier stage. Recommendation: HMRC should engage with its international counterparts to understand what lessons it can learn in preventing fraudulent VAT registrations and minimising the impact on honest taxpayers.