There is a lot resting on the updated plan that government expects to publish if 2030 air quality targets are to be met. The UK may have missed its target for national ammonia emissions in 2020, and existing policy measures will not be sufficient to achieve the 2030 emissions ceilings set for the UK for a further three pollutants. At the time we took evidence Government planned to publish in September 2022 an update to the National Air Pollution Control Programme, and this must be robust and realistic enough to ensure that targets are met. Past action to tackle local breaches of air quality limits has fallen significantly behind schedule, and similar delays at the national level would mean targets being missed. Meeting these targets will require action beyond the transport sector, such as by reducing domestic wood-burning (which accounts for a quarter of fine particulate matter emissions) and addressing ammonia use in farming (around 87% of ammonia emissions). Recommendation: The government must ensure that the plan it publishes includes robust, actionable measures that will result in compliance with the 2030 targets for all air pollutants, and ensure it has strong governance arrangements to monitor progress against its plan and take decisive action if progress falls behind expectations. 8 Tackling local air quality breaches Tackling Local Air Quality breaches