The Department’s failure to address problems with maternity care in England has led to avoidable harm and unnecessary costs. Over the last 20 years the cost of settling claims involving infants and children has increased significantly. In 2024–25, costs for claims involving brain injury at birth were £1,554 million, with the total cost of claims for paediatric failings reaching £325 million. Damages awarded in these cases are higher than most clinical negligence claims as they typically include compensation for lifelong health and social care, future lost earnings and any necessary adaptations to accommodation. Court rulings on the eligibility of innovative or novel treatment options have also increased the value of damages awarded in recent years. NHS Resolution settles around 120 to 130 brain injury cases involving children every year but it can take an average of 11-12 years to resolve each claim. In response, NHS Resolution has developed an innovative early notification scheme to provide more timely support to families and improve the speed at which lessons are learned. NHS England told us that it expects the final part of the Amos Review into England’s maternity and neonatal services in 2026, but this does not mean it is waiting to act on its recommendations. 5 recommendation a. The Department and the organisations it funds need to learn lessons from its failure to improve maternity care in England. Where problems arise the Department and the wider NHS should look for systemic failings in care and tackle these problems at their cause. b. The Department should publish the Amos Review within two months alongside its response and set out how it plans to reduce the incidence of harm and the costs of claims in maternity care.