If the market isn’t sufficiently competitive, one option we suggested that the Cabinet Office could consider is what value there might be to bringing the work in-house. The Cabinet Office said that ‘insourcing’ was always considered when making such business case appraisals. It said that insourcing was generally, but not always, more expensive than outsourcing options, because of transition costs, transfer arrangements, and the ‘on-costs’ of joining the civil service.60 59 Letter from Cabinet Office, 5 August 2025 60 Q 108 15