Public authorities have often not been effective in engaging with markets and potential suppliers, and government has not provided clear guidance on how to meet requirements to treat suppliers equally while best supporting value for money. Departments and other public bodies often take an overly cautious approach to engagement and are not always clear on how to understand the markets and suppliers they buy from. Engaging with potential suppliers throughout the commercial lifecycle can help departments and other public bodies understand what the markets can provide, while providing suppliers with an opportunity to 6 Competition in public procurement highlight potential innovations and efficiencies they can bring to the contract. Without this engagement, it is harder for departments and other public bodies to craft sufficiently clearly defined requirements that the market is able to provide. Overambitious requirements can reduce competition and distort the market by limiting the potential supplier pool. Particularly deterring smaller businesses that may think they cannot meet the requirements from engaging with public bids. Recommendation 2: The Government Commercial Function and Cabinet Office should set out, as part of its Treasury Minute response, further details explaining the guidance and mechanisms that it has put in place to promote best practice for public authorities to appropriately conduct early engagement, without distorting the market, such as: • carrying out discussion of problems facing the contracting authority, to help identify solutions, or give the market an opportunity to develop solutions to solve the problems. • asking important questions to potential suppliers to allow contracting authorities to refine their requirements and create clearer specifications. • gaining a better understanding of what the market can supply, any contractual constraints and whether the budget, resourcing and timescales are achievable. • raising awareness of the potentia