Penrose Inquiry

Completed
Chair Lord Penrose Judge / Judiciary
Established 01 Apr 2009
Final Report 25 Mar 2015
Commissioned by Scottish Government

Scottish inquiry into infection of NHS patients with Hepatitis C and HIV from contaminated blood products.

Evidence & Impact
The Penrose Inquiry was established in 2009 to examine NHS Scotland's response to HIV and Hepatitis C infections from blood products. Lord Penrose published his final report on 25 March 2015, making a single recommendation regarding testing for Hepatitis C.

The inquiry's sole recommendation focused on offering Hepatitis C testing to specific groups who may have been exposed through blood products. While no formal government response was published, the Scottish Government established a Short-Life Working Group involving Health Protection Scotland and the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service to develop a testing programme.

According to progress updates, a testing programme was established by December 2015. The specific details of this programme's scope, reach and outcomes are not detailed in the available evidence.

The limited scope of the Penrose Inquiry's recommendations - a single testing recommendation - contrasts with the broader issues examined during the inquiry process. The progress update notes that the subsequent UK-wide Infected Blood Inquiry, which reported in 2024, made more comprehensive recommendations covering compensation and systemic reforms.

The available evidence indicates that the Scottish Government accepted the recommendation and that a testing programme was established within nine months of the report's publication. However, the public record provides limited detail about the programme's implementation, effectiveness, or long-term operation beyond the initial establishment phase.
Reforms Attributed to This Inquiry
- Testing programme for Hepatitis C established by Health Protection Scotland and Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service following the inquiry's single recommendation
Generated 18 Mar 2026 using claude-opus-4. Assessment is indicative, not authoritative.
5 years, 11 months Duration
£12m Total Cost
Government Response

Total Recommendations 1
Data last updated: 31 Dec 2015 · Source
Data verified: 30 Jan 2026 (Claude)
How to read this

Government Response tracks what the government said it would do (accepted, rejected, etc.).

Full methodology

4 questions since Feb 2017
Written Question Equitable Life Assurance Society
Baroness Bowles of Berkhamsted (Liberal Democrat)
25 Nov 2021
Written Question Equitable Life Assurance Society
Baroness Bowles of Berkhamsted (Liberal Democrat)
08 Nov 2021
Written Question Blood: Contamination
Diana Johnson (Labour)
27 Feb 2017
Written Question Blood: Contamination
Diana Johnson (Labour)
27 Feb 2017
Title Volume Publication Date Recs Links
The Penrose Inquiry Final Report Final 25 Mar 2015 1
01 Apr 2008
Inquiry Announced
01 Apr 2009
Inquiry Established
25 Mar 2015
Final Report Published

Recommendations (1)

PENROSE-1
Accepted
HCV Testing for Pre-1991 Transfusion Recipients
Recommendation

The Scottish Government takes all reasonable steps to offer an HCV test to everyone in Scotland who had a blood transfusion before September 1991 and who has not been tested for HCV.

Published evidence summary
According to the Official government response (2015), the Scottish Government established a Short-Life Working Group, involving Health Protection Scotland and the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, to implement the recommendation for HCV testing for pre-1991 transfusion recipients. According to gov.scot (2016), a progress report from this working group, detailing its work on the Penrose Inquiry recommendation regarding Hepatitis C infection from NHS treatment, was published on September 2, 2016. According to an FOI release from May 6, 2021, it referenced the implementation of a second recommendation from this working group; no further specific updates on the pre-1991 testing programme have been identified since 2021.
Scottish Government (Primary)
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