Katie Horne
PFD Report
All Responded
Ref: 2022-0253
All 1 response received
· Deadline: 28 Nov 2022
Coroner's Concerns (AI summary)
Significant delays in doctors reviewing crucial blood test results and consulting a gastroenterologist led to late commencement of steroid therapy and delayed liver transplant referral, hindering timely and effective care.
View full coroner's concerns
Despite multiple attendances as an outpatient with deteriorating hepatitis, it took 15 days for crucial blood test results to be seen by the doctors (in part due to lab backlog but there was no evidence of any doctor prioritising or chasing the results) or for a gastroenterologist to be consulted on care. This led to a liver biopsy not being possible (in part as her blood clotting had deteriorated) and later than necessary commencement of steroid therapy and consequent later referral for liver transplantion at Kings College Hospital.
Although it was suggested that these failures in care were associated with the capacity of the hospital to deliver services in the first wave of the pandemic, there was little evidence to support or refute that. .
Although it was suggested that these failures in care were associated with the capacity of the hospital to deliver services in the first wave of the pandemic, there was little evidence to support or refute that. .
Responses
Action Taken
The Acute Medicine service at the Princess Royal Hospital now has a substantive acute physician and geriatrician on weekdays. Ambulatory care is now in a larger area, and a Gastroenterology 'hot clinic' has been established with specialist staff and a dedicated phone line. (AI summary)
The Acute Medicine service at the Princess Royal Hospital now has a substantive acute physician and geriatrician on weekdays. Ambulatory care is now in a larger area, and a Gastroenterology 'hot clinic' has been established with specialist staff and a dedicated phone line. (AI summary)
View full response
Dear Mr Harris Inquest into the death of Katie Louise Horne - Regulation 28 report Thank you for the letter from your clerk of 31 August 2022, enclosing your Prevention of Future Deaths report. Firstly, I wish to convey my deepest condolences to Katie's family on her tragic death. I am acutely aware that my response will not bring Katie back, or lessen the pain that Katie's parents feel, however, I hope they can take some small comfort in how seriously we have taken her death and the improvements that we have made. Although the delays at the Princess Royal Hospital did not cause Katie's tragic death from covid, I can assure you that Katie's case received senior oversight prior to the inquest as part of the complaint investigation and discussion at our serious incident review group, and it continues to do so. My response below summarises the actions we have taken, and the improvements we have made. The Chief of Service for the Division of Medicine confirms that the Acute Medicine service at the Princess Royal Hospital was set up in early March 2020 in response to the covid pandemic. As such, the service was predominantly run by a locum Consultant. However, we now provide, at a minimum, a substantive acute physician and geriatrician at the Princess Royal Hospital site every weekday, and the weekends the care and management is provided by the substantive general physicians. Ambulatory care, instead of running out of a small room next to the Emergency Department, as it was in March 2020, is now situated in a large area connected to the Acute Medical ward, with its own dedicated nursing, administrative, and medical staff. This shares the same clinical governance and standard operating procedures as the main ambulatory care area at the Royal Sussex County Hospital in Brighton. On§LQfthe~keystandard~operating procedu,res now in place is that any patient whose problem is not resofvable-withJnJWQ visifaJo Jhe emer§ency aml5T.ilatory care Llni( must be-referred to the ap_12roj)riate specialist service - this rufe was operaUonalat the Royal Sussex County Hospital in March 2020, bufff liad not at
that time been set up at the Princess Royal Hospital. I can assure you that it is in place and regularly reviewed by the Division to ensure it is working. Our Lead Consultant for Acute Medicine & Same Day Emergency Care has confirmed the following important changes we have made:
1. The Acute Medicine team now manage the rapid access medical unit (RAMU). A business case has been submitted for additional administration support for RAMU at the Princess Royal Hospital, in line with our service at the Royal Sussex County Hospital.
2. We now have a virtual environment which allows for the tracking of outstanding patient investigations, including blood test results.
3. We have established a Gastroenterology 'hot clinic' (urgent new presentation clinic), which ensures referral of all jaundice patients after their initial assessment and ultrasound scan. This 'hot clinic' is run by the Gastroenterology Registrars with Consultant support. Our Lead Consultant Gastroenterologisthc1s gonfirmed thatther~ar~ sp~c::ialiststaff available ?_aays .9. we,~l(fo contaafc>r advice. Furthermore, we now have a digital enhanced cordless technology (DECT) 'phone (in addition to the normal bleeps and mobile telephones) which the Gastroenterology Registrars carry to ensure they are contactable. The Gastroenterology Bleep number/DECT 'phone number is in the directory on the Induction app which all junior doctors are provided with. I can confirm that it is extremely unlikely there would be a similar delay in the future, as after initial assessment, the patient is now referred to Gastroenterology 'hot clinic' with their autoimmune profile pending. The Gastroenterology 'hot clinic' team arrange appropriate assessment, likely in person, at the Emergency Ambulatory Care Unit (EACU) at the Royal Sussex County Hospital, and they ensure that all the relevant test results are available from the laboratory. To ensure wider learning and sharing of the changes and improvements we have made, the c::ase has_p~E:l!J.PI.esented(anonymously)atour monthly Patient Safety Group which has a wTcTe attendance of staff from all our hospitals. ·····. Our services were under extreme pressure in March 2020 due to the first wave of the global covid pandemic. I hope the changes we have made since, set out in this response, provide you with assurance and confidence in our service. We strive to continually learn and improve the services we provide to our patients. My thoughts are with Katie's family and friends.
that time been set up at the Princess Royal Hospital. I can assure you that it is in place and regularly reviewed by the Division to ensure it is working. Our Lead Consultant for Acute Medicine & Same Day Emergency Care has confirmed the following important changes we have made:
1. The Acute Medicine team now manage the rapid access medical unit (RAMU). A business case has been submitted for additional administration support for RAMU at the Princess Royal Hospital, in line with our service at the Royal Sussex County Hospital.
2. We now have a virtual environment which allows for the tracking of outstanding patient investigations, including blood test results.
3. We have established a Gastroenterology 'hot clinic' (urgent new presentation clinic), which ensures referral of all jaundice patients after their initial assessment and ultrasound scan. This 'hot clinic' is run by the Gastroenterology Registrars with Consultant support. Our Lead Consultant Gastroenterologisthc1s gonfirmed thatther~ar~ sp~c::ialiststaff available ?_aays .9. we,~l(fo contaafc>r advice. Furthermore, we now have a digital enhanced cordless technology (DECT) 'phone (in addition to the normal bleeps and mobile telephones) which the Gastroenterology Registrars carry to ensure they are contactable. The Gastroenterology Bleep number/DECT 'phone number is in the directory on the Induction app which all junior doctors are provided with. I can confirm that it is extremely unlikely there would be a similar delay in the future, as after initial assessment, the patient is now referred to Gastroenterology 'hot clinic' with their autoimmune profile pending. The Gastroenterology 'hot clinic' team arrange appropriate assessment, likely in person, at the Emergency Ambulatory Care Unit (EACU) at the Royal Sussex County Hospital, and they ensure that all the relevant test results are available from the laboratory. To ensure wider learning and sharing of the changes and improvements we have made, the c::ase has_p~E:l!J.PI.esented(anonymously)atour monthly Patient Safety Group which has a wTcTe attendance of staff from all our hospitals. ·····. Our services were under extreme pressure in March 2020 due to the first wave of the global covid pandemic. I hope the changes we have made since, set out in this response, provide you with assurance and confidence in our service. We strive to continually learn and improve the services we provide to our patients. My thoughts are with Katie's family and friends.
Sent To
- Princess Royal Hospital
Response Status
Linked responses
1 of 1
56-Day Deadline
28 Nov 2022
All responses received
About PFD responses
Organisations named in PFD reports must respond within 56 days explaining what actions they are taking.
Source: Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
Report Sections
Investigation and Inquest
On 12th October 2021 an inquest into the death of Ms Katie Horne was opened. She died on 11th April 2020 in King’s College Hospital, London. (case ref: 11833245) The inquest was concluded by me on 10th August 2022 with a conclusion of natural causes.
Circumstances of the Death
Ms Katie Horne presented to Princess Royal (PRH) A&E department in Sussex with jaundice on 1st March 2020. She was diagnosed as having hepatitis and investigated as an outpatient. Her liver function tests were monitored and deteriorated. Viral antibody test results available on 9th were not identified by doctors until the 16th when her liver function tests were: bilirubin 493 and ALT 1439 and when a gastroenterologist was first consulted. She was admitted to PRH on 18th due to concerns of incipient liver failure. Her care was reported to and monitored by Kings College Hospital liver unit (KCH) from 18th, but she was not transferred earlier as the first wave of the Covid pandemic limited the capacity of KCH to provide care. Her blood tests showed that liver biopsy was not possible at this stage and on 20th she was begun on steroids on the (correct) assumption she had auto-immune hepatitis, but she proved to be steroid resistant. She was transferred to KCH for consideration of liver transplantation on 24th. By 30th she was found to be Covid positive which according to the best international guidance at the time was a contraindication to transplantation. She developed Covid pneumonitis and died at 05.22 on 11th April.
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This REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: , Chief Executive, Princess Royal Hospital, Lewes Road, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, RH16 4EX
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This REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: , Chief Executive, Princess Royal Hospital, Lewes Road, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, RH16 4EX
Action Should Be Taken
The case is brought to the attention of the hospital as there was no internal investigation, review or action plan to see whether these problems had resolved or were systemic.
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Data sourced from Courts and Tribunals Judiciary under the Open Government Licence.