Marie Millward-Winter
PFD Report
Partially Responded
Ref: 2019-0020
Coroner's Concerns (AI summary)
Administration of anticoagulation medication after a head injury, advised by ambulance technicians, likely worsened an internal bleed and contributed to death.
View full coroner's concerns
The evidence was that the medication (Apixaban) was given to Mrs Millward Winter at Each Step Nursing Home on the advice of and/or in the presence of the Ambulance Technicians from North West Ambulance Service after she had sustained a head injury and prior to transporting her to hospital. The concern is that the administration of this anticoagulation medication on the morning of the 19th August 2017, following a head injury, worsened an internal bleed and contributed to Mrs Millward Winter’s death. It is of concern that such medication has been given when the patient has suffered a head injury (and is at risk of an internal bleed). It is of concern that the medication has been given on the advice of and/or in the presence of the ambulance technicians.
Responses
Disputed
The Ambulance Service argues the Regulation 28 report was issued prematurely because they were not notified of the inquest date or granted Interested Person status. They maintain the EMT acted outside their scope of practice to advise on medication. (AI summary)
The Ambulance Service argues the Regulation 28 report was issued prematurely because they were not notified of the inquest date or granted Interested Person status. They maintain the EMT acted outside their scope of practice to advise on medication. (AI summary)
View full response
Dear Mr Meadows, INQUEST TOUCHING THE DEATH OF MRS MILLWARD-WINTER refer to the Regulation 28 Report which Assistant Coroner Galloway issued at the conclusion of the inquest touching upon the death of Marie Millward-Winter _ Firstly , know that you will share a copy of this response with Mrs Millward-Winter's family and on behalf of the Trust wish to express my sincere condolences In relation to the Regulation 28 Report; wish to draw to your attention the fact that the Trust was not notified of the inquest date, NWAS statements were read in to evidence and the Trust was not granted Interested Person status and as such was not legally represented at the hearing or in receipt of coronial disclosure. As you will be aware, pursuant to Regulation 28(3) of The Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013 as re-stated within the Chief Coroners Guidance No_ 5, it is pre-condition to making a report that the "coroner has considered al [emphasis added] of the documents, evidence and information and that in the opinion of the coroner is relevant to the investigation". Whilst by this letter the provides its response to the Regulation 28 Report, it takes the view that the issue of a Regulation 28 Report was premature_ The Trust was not afforded the opportunity to provide additional evidencelclarification on those matters which were raised during the course of the hearing and which gave rise to the concerns alluded to within the Regulation 28 Report: The Trust considers that;, in the first instance, it ought to have been given the opportunity to provide response to any concerns by letter: If, following consideration of that letter, the Coroner still took the view that were under a to issue a Regulation 28 Report;, one should have been issued at that The Trust's Head of Legal Services has endeavoured to speak with the crew members who attended to Mrs Millward-Winter to obtain their account of any exchange with the nursing home staff in relation to the administration of drugs, particularly Apixaban, prior to conveying her to hospital. (still works at the Trust and is now a HCPC Registered Paramedic Headquarters; Ladybridge Hall, 399 Chorley New Road, Bolton, BL1 5DD Chairman: Peter White INVFOPRS Lhalui Delivering the right care; at the right time; in the right place; every time Interim Chlef Executive: Michael Forrest FCIPD 454e16 City Trust they duty point.
Unfortunately] is no longer with the Trust and we have been unable to make contact with her: Despite the passage of time recalls the incident and also the discussion that took place between him and the care home staff in relation to the administration of the patient's own medication. At no time during that discussion was the administration of anti coagulant medication mentioned: He recalls that Mrs Millward-Winter was hypertensive and the staff mentioned that she had not had her routine medication: recollection is that only hypertensive medication was administered together with the patient 8 own paracetamol and codeine; this administration of this medication was duly noted on the Patient Report Form (PRF): Whilst the PRF records that Mrs Millward-Winter had been prescribed blood thinners , the administration of any anti-coagulant medication is not recorded on the PRF_ recollection is that there was no discussion in relation to the administration of anti- coagulant medication for two reasons; firstly, Mrs Millward-Winter was being conveyed to the hospital because she had suffered a head injury and was taking blood thinning medication and secondly; advising on the administration of an anti-coagulant was outside of his scope of practice as an Emergency Medical Technician (EMT): An EMT is not a HCPC registered professional and therefore have a limited scope of practice. EMTs are trained to recognise the signs and symptoms of a number of conditions and administer six medications to treat these conditions and it would be out of an EMT's scope of practice to advise beyond those, including Apixaban: In an event where an EMT, or indeed any NWAS clinician, is asked a question which is outside of their scope of practice, the Trust's procedures require that senior clinical advice is sought from the Trust'$s 24 hour clinical support hub which is based within its control centre. An Advanced Paramedic has provided an overview in light of the Regulation 28 Report and has noted that Mrs Millward-Winter was resident in nursing home. In their view, the nurse on duty at the unit would supersede an EMT in respect of which medication should be administered and at what point: Whilst the Trust considers that the Regulation 28 Report was issued prematurely that in no way alters the fact that the Trust takes any concerns raised in this way very seriously and hope that have responded to the concerns raised and provided assurance that the Trust has appropriate protocols and procedures in place. Finally; am aware that Regulation 28 Reports and responses are published on the Chief Coroner's website. In light of the matters discussed in this letter namely the Trust's view that the Regulation 28 report was issued prematurely the Trust respectfully asks that in this instance, neither the Regulation 28 report nor this response are s0 published. If you have any further questions arising from the contents of this letter; please do not hesitate to contact the Trust's Legal Services Team.
Unfortunately] is no longer with the Trust and we have been unable to make contact with her: Despite the passage of time recalls the incident and also the discussion that took place between him and the care home staff in relation to the administration of the patient's own medication. At no time during that discussion was the administration of anti coagulant medication mentioned: He recalls that Mrs Millward-Winter was hypertensive and the staff mentioned that she had not had her routine medication: recollection is that only hypertensive medication was administered together with the patient 8 own paracetamol and codeine; this administration of this medication was duly noted on the Patient Report Form (PRF): Whilst the PRF records that Mrs Millward-Winter had been prescribed blood thinners , the administration of any anti-coagulant medication is not recorded on the PRF_ recollection is that there was no discussion in relation to the administration of anti- coagulant medication for two reasons; firstly, Mrs Millward-Winter was being conveyed to the hospital because she had suffered a head injury and was taking blood thinning medication and secondly; advising on the administration of an anti-coagulant was outside of his scope of practice as an Emergency Medical Technician (EMT): An EMT is not a HCPC registered professional and therefore have a limited scope of practice. EMTs are trained to recognise the signs and symptoms of a number of conditions and administer six medications to treat these conditions and it would be out of an EMT's scope of practice to advise beyond those, including Apixaban: In an event where an EMT, or indeed any NWAS clinician, is asked a question which is outside of their scope of practice, the Trust's procedures require that senior clinical advice is sought from the Trust'$s 24 hour clinical support hub which is based within its control centre. An Advanced Paramedic has provided an overview in light of the Regulation 28 Report and has noted that Mrs Millward-Winter was resident in nursing home. In their view, the nurse on duty at the unit would supersede an EMT in respect of which medication should be administered and at what point: Whilst the Trust considers that the Regulation 28 Report was issued prematurely that in no way alters the fact that the Trust takes any concerns raised in this way very seriously and hope that have responded to the concerns raised and provided assurance that the Trust has appropriate protocols and procedures in place. Finally; am aware that Regulation 28 Reports and responses are published on the Chief Coroner's website. In light of the matters discussed in this letter namely the Trust's view that the Regulation 28 report was issued prematurely the Trust respectfully asks that in this instance, neither the Regulation 28 report nor this response are s0 published. If you have any further questions arising from the contents of this letter; please do not hesitate to contact the Trust's Legal Services Team.
Sent To
- Each Step Nursing Home
- NORTH WEST AMBULANCE SERVICE
Response Status
Linked responses
1 of 2
56-Day Deadline
18 Jul 2019
About PFD responses
Organisations named in PFD reports must respond within 56 days explaining what actions they are taking.
Source: Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
Report Sections
Investigation and Inquest
I concluded the inquest into the death of Marie Hilda Millward Winter on 26th September 2017 and recorded that he/she died from:
1a Intracranial haemorrhage
1b Traumatic Injury ii. Dementia Atrial Fibrillation (on Apixaban), Hypertension.
1a Intracranial haemorrhage
1b Traumatic Injury ii. Dementia Atrial Fibrillation (on Apixaban), Hypertension.
Circumstances of the Death
Mrs Millward Winter suffered a fall in her bedroom at the Each Step Nursing home on the morning of the 19th August 2017. It is likely that Mrs Millward Winter fell from a standing position after getting out of bed. She sustained a head injury, which was likely caused by her coming into contact with the bedside table during the fall. The head trauma led to a bleed on the brain. This bleed was increased due to Apixaban medication (which was given to Mrs Millward Winter following the fall at Each Step Nursing Home on the 19th August 2017). She was taken by ambulance to North Manchester General Hospital. The bleed was highlighted following CT scan and palliative care was provided. Mrs Millward Winter passed away at North Manchester General Hospital on the 2nd September 2017. During the course of the inquest, I heard evidence that the care staff administered Mrs Millward Winter’s standard morning medication at around 9 am on the 19th August 2017. This medication included her regular dose of Apixaban (anticoagulant medication) 5 mg, which was prescribed to be given twice daily. I heard evidence that this medication was given to Mrs Millward Winter after the fall and after the ambulance technicians in attendance advised that her morning medication was to be given (prior to relaying her to hospital). On hearing the evidence of the treating clinicians at Withington hospital, I concluded that the administration of her normal dose (5 mg) of Apixaban medication, following her fall on the 19th August 2017, contributed to Mrs Millward Winter’s death. In particular, whilst the head injury itself had caused the bleed to occur, the evidence from the treating clinician at Wythenshawe Hospital was that the Apixaban increased the severity of that bleed and contributed to her death. The clinician advised that the anticoagulant should not to have been given to Mrs Millward Winter at Each Step Nursing home following Mrs Millward Winter’s fall on the morning of the 19th August 2017.
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Data sourced from Courts and Tribunals Judiciary under the Open Government Licence.