CQC

PFD Addressee
Reports: 188 Earliest: Aug 2013 Latest: 8 Apr 2026

61% 2-year response rate (below 83% average). 44% of classified responses show concrete action taken.

PFD Reports
188 results
James Astley
All Responded
2024-0486 10 Sep 2024 South Manchester
Care Home Health related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Inadequate monitoring and documentation of Mr Astley's nutrition and fluid intake led to severe frailty, highlighting systemic failures in care home record-keeping.
Noted (AI summary) CQC commenced an inspection of Downshaw Lodge on 16 October 2024 to review matters in relation to ongoing risk and to assess documentation; findings will be published on the CQC website. An initial assessment concluded there was no evidence of a registered provider level failure to meet the threshold at which criminal enforcement would be considered. No information provided.
John Howlett
All Responded
2024-0483 6 Sep 2024 Manchester South
Care Home Health related deaths Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Systemic hospital capacity issues led to a patient waiting 22 hours in a corridor. Separately, a care home with existing safeguarding concerns failed to adequately monitor a resident's nutritional status and fluid intake.
Noted (AI summary) DHSC reports that Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust completed work on re-developing its urgent care and emergency departments in July 2024, including front-door streaming, an Urgent Care Transformation Programme, and a review of the emergency department to avoid hospital admissions for those patients living with frailty; The Lakes Care Centre is no longer registered for nursing, and is under new management. The CQC acknowledges concerns about care at The Lakes Care Centre. The provider has ceased to deliver the regulated activity of 'Treatment for Disease, Disorder or Injury' and the CQC will seek to register a suitable candidate for the registered manager role. Response consists of the text A1, A2, and A3. Unable to classify without further content.
James Capstick
All Responded
2024-0429 2 Aug 2024 Cumbria
Care Home Health related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Persistent concerns about care quality and unreliable patient notes were noted at Westmorland Court. A registered nurse's failure to perform basic life checks and CPR correctly highlighted training deficiencies and lack of defibrillator availability.
Noted (AI summary) The NMC acknowledges the concerns and states they have passed information to their Employer Link Service and New Referrals team to make enquiries and will investigate concerns within their remit. They have also referred the case to the Public Support Service to reach out to the family. Westmorland Court Care Home states that a number of improvements have taken place since the death, including implementing a Quality Improvement Plan with the ICB and Westmorland and Furness Council. Staff training has been refreshed and updated, and reflective accounts of the incident were completed. The CQC acknowledges the concerns raised and outlines actions taken following previous notifications, including a targeted inspection. They state that mandating defibrillators in care homes falls outside their remit but expect providers to have appropriate policies for resuscitation.
Terrence Taylor
All Responded
2024-0336 21 Jun 2024 Cambridgeshire and Peterborough
Care Home Health related deaths Product related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Window restrictor guidance and British Standards for care homes are inadequate, focusing only on accidental falls, not deliberate attempts to defeat them. Care home operators are unaware these standards may not provide sufficient security.
Action Planned (AI summary) BSI has passed the coroner's report to the responsible expert committees, who are considering amending the existing standard to include the recommendations that restrictors should withstand forces greater than the current British Standard and be tested to demonstrate this. The CQC has updated their ‘Learning From Safety Incidents’ webpage with a link directing providers to the Health Building Note 00-10 Part D: Windows and associated hardware. They have also committed to publish a note in their bulletin to providers in August 2024 to remind providers of the CQC’s ‘Learning From Safety Incidents’ webpage. The CQC has published a note in its bulletin to providers highlighting the tragic loss of life following a deliberate attempt to bypass a window restrictor and reminding providers of the CQC’s ‘Learning From Safety Incidents’ webpage and updated the CQC website to reflect the Health Building Note published by NHS England.
Linda Heath
All Responded
2024-0255 9 May 2024 East Riding and Hull
Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Inadequate hospital discharge summaries and a lack of GP follow-up procedures for recently discharged patients led to missed referrals for critical care. There was also an over-reliance on private care with insufficient oversight.
Noted (AI summary) The surgery has implemented measures including utilizing the task functionality in TPP SystmOne for clearer communication and providing additional training to staff regarding the importance of good record-keeping; they have also recruited a Data Quality and IT Officer. CHCP states they cannot provide feedback on some concerns as there was no referral made to CHCP Community Nursing by the hospital or surgery; however, they detailed how CHCP and the hospital transfer care records currently. The Trust is reminding staff to consider whether patients' care packages require revision and re-assessment upon discharge and to make appropriate referrals. The Trust also confirms that triangulation meetings are taking place in relation to complex Tissue Viability Nursing cases and plans are underway to establish similar processes for other community providers. CQC will discuss the concerns raised about Mrs Heath’s death at their next engagement meeting with the Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and will make an appropriate regulatory response if they are not assured that improvements have been made. The NMC is investigating the concerns raised to identify whether they need to take regulatory action in relation to a professional on their register. They are also making enquiries to ensure PFD reports are shared across the organisation more swiftly in the future. NHS England relays that the GP Surgery implemented improvements to their processes, including mandating use of the Task Functionality element of the SystemOne clinical software, and arranging additional training on what to record in the patient record. Bimonthly meetings take place between CHCP and HUTH Tissue Viability Nurses.
Frederick Boyd
All Responded
2024-0240 2 May 2024 Manchester South
Care Home Health related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Unclear systems for quality checks on unwell residents, limited staff understanding of documentation, and poorly understood escalation procedures for deteriorating patients created significant safety risks.
Action Taken (AI summary) The Lakes Care Centre has ceased to deliver the regulated activity of ‘Treatment for Disease, Disorder or Injury’. The CQC is following up with the manager to register them as soon as possible.
Rose Hollingworth
All Responded
2024-0150 Inner North London
Care Home Health related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) The care agency failed to provide suitably trained and supervised carers, leading to errors in the care plan and inadequate monitoring of service performance for a vulnerable person.
Disputed (AI summary) HomeDot Care has implemented a sleeping protocol, enhanced staff training, fully transitioned to an electronic care recording system, and revised call management procedures. They also introduced a new daily communication system, mandated staff shadowing, updated policies, and committed to annual mock inspections. The CQC conducted a comprehensive inspection of HomeDotCare Limited, finding that the service had already implemented several risk mitigation actions, including individual fire risk assessments, a 'sleep protocol,' updated next-of-kin notification policies, and comprehensive staff training. First aid training was also arranged immediately after the inspection. Islington Council has submitted a 'Letter Before Claim for Judicial Review' challenging the coroner's decision to issue a PFD report against them, arguing procedural irregularity and seeking to have the report quashed against the Council. Islington Council describes its robust processes for monitoring care agency performance, including a dedicated contract management team and a recently updated provider audit approach to include resident and staff feedback. They also undertook a procurement exercise to reduce provider numbers to enhance quality and safety.
Sarah Sutherland
Partially Responded
2024-0148 15 Mar 2024 Surrey
Suicide
Concerns summary (AI summary) A private psychotherapist failed to keep clinical records, conduct risk assessments for EUPD, provide evidence of treatment analysis or review, maintain professional boundaries, or communicate with NHS mental health services.
Noted (AI summary) NHS England is working with private sector organisations to trial the use of Summary Care Records in settings where they have previously been unavailable and will continue this work throughout 2024. They also note the responsibility of providers to share information under the Health and Social Care (Safety and Quality) Act 2015. The CQC states they cannot comment on the regulation of the private psychotherapist as the practice is not registered with CQC. They welcome the action taken by Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Foundation Trust and will continue to monitor the trust and any new information received but state this is outside the scope of their regulatory powers. The UK Council for Psychotherapy outlines its role and regulatory responsibility, noting its register of psychotherapists and Complaints and Conduct Process. They state they will not take action in relation to the coroner's first concern, but note work with the Professional Standards Authority and the NHS in discussing opportunities for collaboration in support of suicide prevention strategies.
Sydney Piper
All Responded
2024-0145 15 Mar 2024 East London
Alcohol, drug and medication related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Inadequate supervision of a vulnerable person by an untrained support worker and insufficient monitoring of high-risk homeless encampments both present ongoing risks of fatal harm.
Noted (AI summary) Outlook Care has implemented an action plan including external feedback, stakeholder inclusion in reviews, and collaborative working with LBWF. They've revised their Missing Person policy, provided staff training, and conducted spot checks on 1:1 support, issuing guidance on maintaining a 'line of sight'. Future actions include business continuity tests, audits of risk management, and revised induction formats. The CQC reviewed information on Waterside Lodge Recovery Centre and requested a copy of Outlook Care's response to the coroner, noting changes across their remaining nine locations including review of missing person policy, training for staff, additional risk assessments and spot checks on community visits, and will request and review evidence of completion of these actions. The Metropolitan Police state that they have been unable to identify any other deaths in the area that would suggest any specific or ongoing risk to public safety, or significant criminal activity. They confirm that ongoing work is being undertaken with the respective local authorities and there is strategic police/partnership joint working to focus on rough sleeping and have increased engagement with local residents to encourage reporting of rough sleeping. The London Borough of Waltham Forest explains its processes for monitoring commissioned supported living services and managing parks/open spaces. They state that the support worker was not employed or commissioned by them. They outline referral pathways for vulnerable adults, rough sleeping monitoring, and vegetation management but do not commit to specific changes.
Blanche Knowles
Partially Responded
2024-0078 13 Feb 2024 West Yorkshire (Eastern)
Care Home Health related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Staff lacked adequate training and clear operational communication regarding the critical importance of immediate 'cooling by running water' for burn injuries.
Action Planned (AI summary) The CQC requested information from the provider regarding their actions following the death and any additional actions planned. CQC plans to complete an assessment within the new Single Assessment Framework, focusing on relevant Quality Statements, within the next 3 months. HC-One has developed a 'Here's How To' guide for staff on first aid management of burns and scalds, issued a Safety Management Alert reiterating risk assessments for residents eating/drinking in bed, and developed training on the management of burns and scalds, available on their staff training site. They are also developing procedural guidance on common injury types, including burns and scalds.
Ethel Reed
Partially Responded
2024-0076 8 Feb 2024 East Riding and Hull
Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Newly opened hospital wards suffered from peripatetic staffing and lack of leadership, hindering patient care and concern escalation. Additionally, electronic patient records failed to track author changes on discharge letters, risking miscommunication.
Action Planned (AI summary) The Trust have informed the supplier of the issue with Lorenzo, and they are working on a solution which displays the identification of the author of the Immediate Discharge Summary (IDS) relating to the amendment. In the meantime, communications have been sent to staff to reinforce the process that needs to be followed when completing IDS’s for patients using the Trust’s Electronic Patient Record (EPR) on Lorenzo. The Trust’s Digital Team are also in the process of exploring further system functionality. The trust has sent out communications to reinforce the process that needs to be followed when completing Immediate Discharge Summaries (IDS) for patients using the Trust’s Electronic Patient Record (EPR) on Lorenzo. The trust’s digital team are also in the process of exploring further system functionality that may improve the current process and help to mitigate further issues. The hospital is planning to consolidate clinical notes into the clinical data capture (CDC) forms in Lorenzo, instead of IDS templates, in order to improve data capture. This piece of work has been recommended to be given a priority 1 and resources allocated as soon as they become available. The timescales for deployment will depend on the approach, but would likely begin with those areas with a significant number of IDS templates set up currently.
Jake Baker
All Responded
2024-0068 8 Feb 2024 Surrey
Other related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Surrey County Council has failed to address inadequate pathway plans, opaque diagnostic processes, and poor access to adult social care for care leavers. Deficiencies in risk assessment standards and non-mandatory Mental Capacity Act training persist.
Action Taken (AI summary) CQC has internal processes to review Regulation 28 reports, including a decision review meeting (DRM) to consider concerns and determine regulatory responses. CQC also conducted a comprehensive inspection of Glasshouse College in June 2021, resulting in an 'inadequate' rating, but a re-inspection in March 2022 found significant improvements and a 'good' rating. CQC are also working to improve links with local Learning Disability Mortality Review (LeDeR) teams and access to their data. Surrey County Council provides Pathway Plan training as part of personal advisers' induction and has had a formal training programme since at least September 2021, and updated the content in 2024 with a rolling programme of training. Mental Capacity Act training is now mandatory for all front line staff in the Adults Service.
Susan Bracegirdle
All Responded
2024-0052 2 Feb 2024 Manchester South
Care Home Health related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Poor communication and information sharing between District Nurses, care home, GP, and family hindered effective joint care for pressure ulcers. Inadequate internal reviews and remote expert input further compromised timely intervention for a deteriorating patient.
Noted (AI summary) The Integrated Care Partnership states that District Nurses share advice via a Communication Book and that the Trust has provided a timeline of communication with the care home. They describe the process for Tissue Viability Nurses to review and provide advice, including the use of wound photography and communication with the nursing service. CQC will follow up with Stockport NHS Foundation Trust at future engagement meetings to ensure that appropriate reflection has taken place and learning from this incident disseminated. CQC are continually monitoring the service and liaising with the Integrated Care Board to review any ongoing risks and feedback.
Michael Waite
All Responded
2024-0048 31 Jan 2024 Essex
Emergency services related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Support workers providing 24-hour solo care to vulnerable clients lack mandatory certificated First Aid and Basic Life Support training, posing a significant risk of future deaths.
Noted (AI summary) Skills for Care recommends that every frontline care worker within a CQC regulated service should receive First Aid training, including basic life support as part of their initial induction to the sector, and ensure these skills are regularly refreshed. They highlight existing guidance and initiatives, but note that they cannot mandate training. Peabody has improved its training program for care workers in supported living environments, now requiring certified First Aid and Basic Life Support training before solo work. Existing care workers will also complete the new course within one year and the organisation has launched an Ofsted-registered Academy. CQC acknowledges the regulation regarding staffing qualifications and training and highlights that Peabody has revised protocols to ensure no support worker lone works without enhanced training in emergency first aid and basic life support, and is ensuring appropriately trained personnel on every shift. CQC will be considering the case under its framework for health and safety incidents.
David Moore
Partially Responded
2024-0011 8 Jan 2024 West Sussex, Brighton and Hove
Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Guidelines for the anaesthetic and/or Intensive Care management of a flanged
Noted (AI summary) NHS England acknowledges the concerns and refers to the Association of Anaesthetists and Royal College of Anaesthetists. They mention national guidance and local policies and guidance, and mentions internal discussions of PFD reports. The RCoA and AoA highlight existing guidelines for tracheostomy care developed with NTSP and other organisations. They will highlight learning from the death and re-promote guidance to members via publications. The CQC acknowledges the concerns but states that writing specific guidance is outside of their remit. They assess the application of national guidance within a trust.
Lauren Smith
All Responded
2023-0454 15 Nov 2023 Black Country
Emergency services related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Paramedics failed to correctly interpret an abnormal ECG and lacked fundamental knowledge of key indicators, despite auto-diagnostic warnings. Inadequate qualitative training assessment and lack of post-incident training pose a significant patient safety risk.
Noted (AI summary) West Midlands Ambulance Service acknowledged the ECG was abnormal and that policy wasn't followed; clinicians received a case review, participated in a Serious Incident process, completed reflective practice, and are scheduled for additional ECG/ACS training. Additional actions include updating policies and providing additional equipment/training to improve chest pain management and ECG interpretation. The Health and Care Professions Council acknowledges the concern but states that the individual in question is not registered with them, so the concerns do not fall within their remit for further investigation, but the individual's name has been added to a watchlist. The Health Services Safety Investigations Body is undertaking exploratory work regarding paramedic interpretation of ECGs in the community and will consider the scope for a formal investigation by the end of January 2024. The University of Wolverhampton will present case evidence to students, incorporate ECG interpretation into Objective Structured Clinical Examinations, liaise with coronary care units for anonymised ECG readings, add an ECG interpretation workbook to the virtual learning environment, and organise continuing professional development ECG masterclasses. The CQC has reviewed WMAS's actions following the death and found no evidence of provider-level failings, although they identified concerns regarding the timeliness of addressing the training needs of staff involved. The training needs of one staff member have been addressed, and the second staff member's training will be met upon their return to work.
Madeleine Lawrence
Partially Responded
2023-0428 6 Nov 2023 Avon
Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Southmead Hospital had serious patient safety deficiencies. Concerns remain regarding the adequacy of current staff training and the measures in place for ongoing training of new staff.
Action Taken (AI summary) CQC has seen evidence of improvements at North Bristol Trust and will continue to monitor this area. CQC also conducted an on-site assessment focusing on learning culture, systems, pathways and transitions and safe and effective staffing.
Jill Brice
All Responded
2023-0401 20 Oct 2023 West Sussex, Brighton and Hove
Other related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Care residents are not consistently reminded to keep their emergency pendants close, posing a safety risk during emergencies like fires.
Noted (AI summary) The CQC states that the location where the death occurred was not registered with them and appears to fall outside the scope of registration and regulation by them. They have requested interested person status and an extension to gather further information. The CQC states that the sheltered accommodation where the deceased resided is not registered with them and therefore not regulated by them, so they cannot comment on the specific concern raised.
Sarah Holmes
All Responded
2023-0383 11 Oct 2023 County Durham and Darlington
Suicide
Concerns summary (AI summary) The Trust routinely experienced substantial and prolonged delays in completing serious incident investigations, far exceeding national guidelines, potentially allowing lethal hazards to persist longer than necessary.
Noted (AI summary) The IOPC expresses condolences and explains its role in the police complaints system. It details the recommendations made to Durham Constabulary, their response, and the IOPC's follow-up actions to seek further clarity on the acceptance of recommendations. DWP expresses condolences and states that existing guidance and support are adequate for vulnerable customers. They describe the call-back procedure followed and note that the ESA agent did not stop Ms Holmes’ benefit pending receipt of a PW1 form, indicating recognition of her vulnerabilities. TEWV acknowledges concerns and details actions taken including confirming assessment methods, developing an interim policy to address disputes between police and mental health services, and preparing a patient safety briefing on actions to take when disputes arise with partner agencies. The Police and Crime Commissioner acknowledges receipt of the report and expresses condolences. They state they have discussed the concerns with the Chief Constable, who has implemented an interim escalation policy with TEWV pending the roll-out of the national ‘Right Care Right Person’ approach. The constabulary has worked with TEWV to develop a strong partnership plan, implemented an interim escalation policy, and will train frontline officers with a national training package and local guidance.
Steven Sanders
Partially Responded
2023-0356 29 Sep 2023 Birmingham and Solihull
Alcohol, drug and medication related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) An endemic problem of illicit drug use and supply within the secure mental health hospital, inadequately mitigated, poses significant risk to vulnerable patients with mental illness and compromised judgment.
Action Taken (AI summary) CQC requested the Chief Coroner's Office to disseminate messaging to all coroners regarding notifications of inquests and Regulation 28 reports, including specific email addresses for submissions. The Chief Coroner's Office acceded to the CQC's request in December 2023.
Marion Nickson
All Responded
2023-0265 21 Jul 2023 Manchester South
Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Observable bay nursing failed due to staff being pulled away for other tasks, highlighting a lack of prioritisation for patient observation and resourcing issues that hinder effective falls prevention.
Action Planned (AI summary) NHS England commissions the National Audit of Inpatient Falls (NAIF) and has been significantly involved in the FallSafe training module produced by the RCP. The Trust have made recommendations to ensure staff have a refresher on the protocols and assessments available and that there are divisional leadership walk rounds with a focus on bay nursing, adherence to policy and the wearing of tabards. CQC has contacted Stockport NHS Foundation Trust and East Cheshire NHS Trust to request written confirmation and evidence of action taken to date, and any additional action they intend to take in response to the prevention of future death report. CQC is reviewing the facts and evidence to determine whether there are grounds to suspect that a criminal offence may have been committed, and whether a formal criminal investigation will be undertaken by the CQC.
Kenneth Rippon
All Responded
2023-0268 19 Jul 2023 County Durham and Darlington
Mental Health related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Extensive delays in serious incident investigations (10 months instead of 60 days) prevented timely learning and improvements, compromising investigation quality and evidence preservation.
Action Taken (AI summary) Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust has contracted additional expert capacity in incident reviews to actively address delays, allocating 41 reviews. They have increased capacity in the mortality team, provided additional training, and are externally reviewing a specific case. Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS FT has contracted in additional expert capacity in incident reviews, increased internal capacity, and reviewed all incidents to ensure they have met Duty of Candour. They have also modified documentation, reviewed report templates, and are utilising standard operating procedures. The CQC has monitored the trust’s progress with reducing the backlog of serious incidents and preventing reoccurrence. They state the trust provided information showing the backlog had reduced, with a target date of December 2023 for completion of all historical investigation reports, and a revised process is in place to prevent reoccurrence of this backlog.
Christopher Evans
Historic (No Identified Response)
2023-0132 24 Apr 2023 Avon
Other related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) A deficiency in the regulatory framework means vulnerable persons in supported HMOs are not protected from scalding risks, as no regulatory body assesses or requires thermostatic controls, unlike other health and social care settings.
Evelyn Burcham
All Responded
2023-0421 31 Jan 2023 Somerset
Care Home Health related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Care homes failed to foresee the risk of cognitively impaired residents misusing riser-recliner chair controls, and there are no regulatory or manufacturing standards for safer remote control features.
Noted (AI summary) Aria Care will direct all future requests for riser/recliner chairs to Shackleton's, ensuring lockable handsets, and inform newly admitted residents of this requirement from December 1st, 2023. They are also working to replace existing chairs without lockable handsets and will reduce the use of riser/recliner chairs across the organization. HSE outlines the regulatory regimes applicable to the circumstances. HSE has contacted CQC on the patient safety aspects and notified OPSS regarding consumer product safety. The Department of Health and Social Care acknowledges the concerns, notes the CQC's investigation and outcome, and mentions Aria Care's move to use lockable remotes on riser-recliner chairs. The Department of Health and Social Care acknowledges the concerns, notes the CQC's investigation and outcome, and mentions Aria Care's move to use lockable remotes on riser-recliner chairs.
Teegan Barnard
All Responded
2023-0014Deceased 17 Jan 2023 West Sussex
Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Concerns summary (AI summary) Failures included not excluding tension pneumothoraces during cardiac arrest, delayed recognition of surgical emphysema, and the anaesthetic department's failure to investigate or conduct a robust morbidity review after the patient's death.
Noted (AI summary) NHS England notes the Trust's strengthened training and improvement work following the death. They highlight ongoing work nationally on maternity services, and dissemination of learning through the Regulation 28 Working Group. The Royal College of Anaesthetists will share learning about bilateral pneumothoraces as a cause of cardiac arrest via its Patient Safety Update. They will also amend guidance to ensure responsibilities around investigation and equipment management after catastrophic events are clear and embed this change into practice through the RCoA’s Anaesthesia Clinical Services Accreditation scheme. The Royal College of Anaesthetists will share learning about bilateral pneumothoraces as a cause of cardiac arrest via its Patient Safety Update. They will also amend guidance to ensure responsibilities around investigation and equipment management after catastrophic events are clear and embed this change into practice through the RCoA’s Anaesthesia Clinical Services Accreditation scheme. The CQC has requested information from University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust regarding actions taken and intended in response to the report. They will monitor the Trust's progress and compliance, including implementation of the national medical examiner system and processes for equipment isolation. St Richard's Hospital describes their Maternity Improvement Program developed with the Maternity Safety Support Program and the achievement of year 4 requirements of the Clinical Negligence Scheme for Trusts (CNST). They have also reviewed and strengthened processes for decision making about the local investigation of incidents referred to HSIB. Health Education England expresses condolences but states the concerns fall outside its remit, highlighting work on patient safety training and collaboration on broader NHS improvements.