Child Death

PFD Category
Reports: 443 Areas: 65 Earliest: Jan 2015 Latest: 26 Mar 2026

79% response rate (above 63% average). 38% of classified responses show concrete action taken. Reports fell 2% from 57 (2023) to 56 (2024).

PFD Reports
443 results
Ava Hodgkinson
All Responded
2025-0016 10 Jan 2025 Lancashire and Blackburn with Darwen
Department of Health and Social Care
Concerns summary (AI summary) Current pharmacy restrictions prevent pharmacists from issuing medication in a different strength, even if the correct dosage could be administered, causing dangerous delays in treatment.
Action Planned (AI summary) The DHSC is exploring new flexibilities regarding pharmacists supplying alternative doses and formulations, planning a formal public consultation on potential amendments to the Human Medicines Regulations 2012, with publication aimed for summer 2025.
Eleanor Curley-Bennett
All Responded
2024-0705 20 Dec 2024 Staffordshire
Festimed
Concerns summary (AI summary) There was a critical lack of availability of essential medical equipment and adrenaline, which severely compromised the ability to provide emergency care.
Noted (AI summary) CQC cannot regulate the care provided by Festimed Ltd at the event site, but can once the ambulance leaves the event. They note that Festimed Ltd went into voluntary liquidation and is no longer providing a service.
Eleanor Aldred-Owen
All Responded
2024-0695 18 Dec 2024 Liverpool and Wirral
NHS England
Concerns summary (AI summary) The hospital's standard operating procedure for radiographers lacked provisions for escalating care or initiating urgent arrest calls when patients showed clear signs of imminent danger.
Action Taken (AI summary) NHS England will share the link to the HCPC proficiency standards for radiographers on the NHS Futures internet pages, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust has amended their SOP to address the learning required from this particular case, and they are disseminating this change. All reports received are discussed by the Regulation 28 Working Group, comprising Regional Medical Directors, and other clinical and quality colleagues from across the regions.
James Alderman
All Responded
2024-0707 13 Dec 2024 West London
BSI Group Department of Health and Social Care NHS England +1 more
Concerns summary (AI summary) There is a critical lack of clear public and professional safety guidance regarding the positioning and use of baby carriers/slings, particularly for breastfeeding, putting infants at risk of suffocation.
Action Planned (AI summary) The Department is reviewing information on the Better Health - Start for Life website regarding the safe use of baby carriers to ensure it is sufficiently prominent. They are also considering ways to supplement the content and engaging with key stakeholders to ensure the messaging is correct regarding the use of baby carriers and breastfeeding. NHS England acknowledges the need for clearer guidance on safe sling use and will work to improve the visibility and linking of existing resources on NHS.UK. They have referred the issue to NICE for consideration and passed details to UNICEF-UK. Several charities have agreed to advise parents that hands-free breastfeeding using slings and carriers is unsafe and should not be attempted. The Lullaby Trust is funding research and will convene a roundtable to agree simpler, consistent messaging for parents and stakeholders on safe sling and carrier use. OPSS is aware that Merton Council Trading Standards are investigating the specific product involved in the death, focusing on its compliance with safety standards. OPSS will also bring any updates to Government or NHS advice regarding infant safety in slings to the attention of trade associations and review the designation of the voluntary standard.
Mazeedat Adeoye
All Responded
2024-0671 5 Dec 2024 East London
Department of Health and Social Care London Borough of Newham National Police Air Service +1 more
Concerns summary (AI summary) The National Police Air Service discounted a critical heat signature during a search. London Borough of Newham's child services demonstrated unprofessional, hostile behaviour, poor management, inadequate supervision, and substandard note-keeping, risking sub-optimal care for vulnerable individuals.
Noted (AI summary) The Department of Health and Social Care acknowledges the report and expresses condolences. They state that the Department of Education has oversight for child social care and is best placed to comment on the concerns raised. Social Work England acknowledges the coroner's concerns and is reviewing documentation and recordings from the inquest to determine if there are reasonable grounds to investigate any of the individual social worker’s actions, and will contact relevant parties to gather further information. The London Borough of Newham has re-evaluated internal policies and procedures and made significant changes and improvements, including a review of complaints, annual audits focusing on single parents with limited networks, and a review of the Supervision Policy, alongside MAGPIE and Praxis. An NRPF Plan template has been introduced following Child and Family Assessments, and the NRPF Panel Form has been embedded in their ICS system. NPAS will use footage from the incident as a case study/training tool to encourage Tactical Flight Officers to think beyond initial information in similar search scenarios, starting with the next training course on February 14th.
Elton Deutekom
Partially Responded
2024-0660 2 Dec 2024 Inner West London
Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation … National Medical Examiner NHS England
Concerns summary (AI summary) A newly qualified midwife was distracted by administrative tasks, missing critical CTG changes. The obstetric registrar failed to identify acute hypoxic injury due to reliance on historic data, and senior staff delayed emergency response despite prolonged abnormal CTG.
Action Taken (AI summary) NHS England highlighted that providers must ensure midwives meet qualifications and receive adequate supervision, and they should design preceptorship programmes aligned with NHS England’s National Preceptorship Framework. London CapitalMidwife Programme refreshed its Preceptorship Framework, and London's regional Maternity Team established a multiagency Perinatal Quality, Safety, and Surveillance Group to improve safety and service user experience. The Trust has reflected on findings related to evidentiary points 1-3 and sought to address these, with changes implemented following receipt of the HSIB investigation report. Maternal/obstetric notes are now readily available, and consultant was given feedback regarding an oversight.
Alfie Hinton
All Responded
2024-0658 2 Dec 2024 West Yorkshire Western
Airedale NHS Foundation Trust
Concerns summary (AI summary) Inadequate assessment and communication of maternal risks led to delays in monitoring and expediting delivery. Poor communication and absence of policy between consultants during a time-critical spinal anaesthetic procedure also caused significant delays.
Action Taken (AI summary) Airedale NHS Foundation Trust reported the case to the Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch (HSIB), undertook an internal investigation, accepted HSIB recommendations, and accepted the independent expert report. They detailed actions including updated policies, training, and revised observation procedures.
Emily Lewis
All Responded
2024-0634 15 Nov 2024 Hampshire, Portsmouth and Southampton
Associated British Ports Bay Boats Limited British Marine +8 more
Concerns summary (AI summary) Inconsistent regulations for high-speed RIB operations, inadequate craft design for passenger safety, poor forward visibility, and insufficient risk management systems contribute to serious impact and vibration injuries. Licensing arrangements and interim safety measures are needed.
Noted (AI summary) The UKHMA engaged with stakeholders and communicated findings to members, and brought the MAIB report to the PMSC steering group. They also proposed the inclusion of guidance in the GTGP, which is expected to be reviewed around Q3 2024. The RYA has delayed review of its "Small High Speed Passenger Vessel Voluntary Code of Practice" awaiting MCA legislation, and envisages releasing a revised edition soon after the MCA Sport and Pleasure Vessel Code is finalized. British Marine helped produce and publish the HSPV code in 2010, revised in 2019, and made its use a requirement of membership for operators carrying out this type of activity. The BPA acknowledges the concerns and has corresponded with the MAIB regarding guidance, stating the MCA should lead this. The BPA has offered to promote and amplify guidance, but is not insured to set safety-critical guidelines itself. The Department for Transport states that the MCA is prioritising an updated Sport or Pleasure Vessel Code, currently under public consultation. The MCA has also been tasked to commission an anthropometric assessment of small high-speed passenger craft safety, with results expected in late spring/early summer 2026. The British Standards Institution acknowledges the concern regarding BS EN ISO 11591 but clarifies its role as a facilitator for expert committees to develop standards, not to interpret or regulate them; BSI will refer the concerns to the relevant technical committee. Associated British Ports acknowledges the concerns but states that monitoring AIS tracks of vessels and intervening in their operation would be very challenging, require dedicated resources, and may not materially increase the safety of harbour users, also noting the limitations of their powers and resources for policing vessels. The MCA is working on an updated Sport or Pleasure Vessel Code, informed by the MAIB Investigation Report, which is currently undergoing public consultation. They have also begun procurement for an anthropometric assessment of small high-speed passenger craft safety, with a report expected in late spring/early summer 2026 to inform future code revisions and guidance. The UKMPG states it supports information sharing but doesn't develop guidance and believes this should be led by the MCA. They will support actions suggested but this must be led by the MCA with industry input. Red Bay Boats Limited has instructed Scot Seats to test seats to meet HSC 2000 standards; they recommend installation of Scot Seats where possible; they will not accept any commissions in the thrill-seeking market; and feel that sea safari craft should not exceed 25 knots.
Aviva Otte, Oscar Barker and Yousef Al-Kharboush
All Responded
2024-0628 15 Nov 2024 London Inner (South)
Care Quality Commission Department of Health and Social Care Medicines, and Healthcare Products Regu… +1 more
Concerns summary (AI summary) A lack of clear reporting requirements for section 10 exempt entities regarding adverse events prevents crucial findings from being shared with regulatory bodies, other trusts, or the wider industry.
Action Planned (AI summary) NHS England acknowledges concerns and will work with the MHRA to establish a communication Memorandum of Understanding to share learning from serious incidents related to aseptic medicines preparation/manufacture. They also note that all reports received are discussed by the Regulation 28 Working Group to share learnings across the NHS. CQC will review oversight of independent sector providers not subject to iQAAPS audits during 2025-26. It will also use the iQAAPS dashboard to discuss organization-specific risks with NHS trusts during 2025-26. NHS England has strengthened guidance on aseptic preparation of medicines and auditing and introduced strengthened oversight and external quality audits via the iQAAPS web-based quality reporting system. NHS England, MHRA and CQC will implement a 2-way information sharing agreement at organisational level to share learning of serious incidents related to aseptic medicines by end of June 2025. DHSC will meet with CQC, NHS England and MHRA to ensure that the actions of each organisation to address concerns are complementary, coordinated and completed. The MHRA will publish an update to the sector detailing issues raised by this case and our intentions to address the concerns (by the end of March 2025), agree and implement a memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with NHSE for routine updates and also the dissemination of ad hoc learnings from incidents (by end of June 2025). The MHRA will inform devolved governments of this requirement to improve information exchange as soon as practical and agree an approach in line with that for the NHSE MoU (by end of September 2025).
Erin Tillsley
All Responded
2024-0636 12 Nov 2024 Suffolk
Suffolk and North East Essex Integrated… West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Concerns summary (AI summary) A vulnerable child presenting to the Emergency Department after self-harm missed crucial early mental health intervention due to the failure to apply established NICE guidelines and local policy for comprehensive assessment.
Action Taken (AI summary) WSFT have disseminated an updated Triage Risk Assessment form to all ED staff on 13th December 2024 and provided Mental Health Awareness Training to ED staff on 16th December 2024; the ICB is currently updating the Suffolk and North East Essex Health and Social Care Protocol for the Support of Children and Young People in Crisis.
Lacey Brookman
All Responded
2024-0612 8 Nov 2024 London Inner (South)
Royal College of General Practitioners Royal College of Paediatricians and Chi… Royal College of Radiologists +1 more
Concerns summary (AI summary) Multiple doctors failed to diagnose appendicitis in a child. Concerns include a lack of readily available bedside ultrasound and inadequate medical training in considering this diagnosis for abdominal pain.
Noted (AI summary) The Royal College of Radiologists acknowledges the challenges of diagnosing retrocaecal appendicitis and advocates for prompt assessment by experienced clinicians, including expert surgeons and radiologists while highlighting radiology workforce shortages. It suggests early transfer to specialist centres where paediatric surgeons and radiologists are more available may be needed. The Royal College of Surgeons of England has shared the report with its Specialty Advisory Committee Chairs for consideration during upcoming curricula reviews. They are also exploring whether they can explicitly refer to retrocaecal appendicitis in the Care of the Critically Ill Surgical Patient (CCRISP) and the Clinical Skills in Emergency Surgery courses, and the case will be published as an educational vignette. The RCPCH will share information and suggestions for local improvement from the report with its paediatric members via its patient safety portal and the anonymised information within the report will also be shared for discussion with the RCPCH Clinical Quality in Practice Committee, where further actions may be identified. The RCGP expresses condolences and acknowledges concerns about diagnosing appendicitis, noting the diagnostic challenges of retrocaecal appendicitis and the limited availability of bedside ultrasound. They highlight existing NICE guidance and commit to supporting ongoing educational resources but do not describe specific actions.
Henry Grierson
Partially Responded
2024-0598 4 Nov 2024 West Yorkshire Western
CAMHS Huddersfield New College Recovery Steps
Concerns summary (AI summary) The college safeguarding team lacked awareness of a student discontinuing external mental health support, indicating a critical communication breakdown between the college and mental health organizations.
Action Taken (AI summary) The college has reviewed and amended relevant policies and processes for contacting external agencies, particularly where a Welfare Plan has been created or when permanent exclusion is being implemented as a last resort, including requesting and expecting updates from external agencies.
Locket Williams
All Responded
2024-0543 14 Oct 2024 Surrey
Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Foun…
Concerns summary (AI summary) Insufficient in-county psychiatric inpatient beds for children persist, with new units inadequate for demand or specific needs. A new suicide risk assessment system lacks clear alerts on medical records, risking clinicians missing vital information.
Action Taken (AI summary) The Trust opened Emerald Place to meet demand for inpatient beds, although admissions are currently paused for quality improvements. They have also requested that Children’s Services copy each invite into their central Safeguarding team to have a greater oversight of these invitations and responses/attendance.
Jennifer Chalkley
All Responded
2024-0542 14 Oct 2024 Surrey
Department for Education Surrey County Council
Concerns summary (AI summary) A widespread misconception among schools that £6,000 must be spent on a child's SEN before an EHCP assessment application is delaying critical early support, increasing the risk of mental health issues and suicidality.
Noted (AI summary) Surrey County Council is preparing a communication to all Surrey education providers to clarify that there is no financial threshold for requesting an EHCNA, reinforcing the statutory position under the Children and Families Act 2014. The Department for Education acknowledges the concerns, highlights existing guidance on safeguarding and EHCPs, and notes ongoing monitoring of Surrey County Council's SEND arrangements, keeping the safeguarding guidance under review.
Sunnah Khan and Joseph Abbess
All Responded
2024-0538 10 Oct 2024 Dorset
Department for Education
Action Planned (AI summary) The Department for Education will consider how best to complement swimming and water safety lessons already delivered through the PE curriculum, to ensure that all pupils are taught about water safety, including the water safety code. The Department will also commit to supporting the 2025 RLSS UK's annual Drowning Prevention Week.
Robin van Caliskan
All Responded
2024-0505 19 Sep 2024 Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly
Atlantic Reach Limited
Concerns summary (AI summary) A company's risk assessment dismissed lifeguards as impractical, yet a safety officer found compliance borderline and noted other similar venues employed them. Concerns exist that lessons about pool safety and the necessity of lifeguards have not been learned.
Action Taken (AI summary) While concluding that providing lifeguard supervision is not reasonably practicable at this time, the company has made clear on swimming pool timetables that lifeguards are not provided, created a Swim Safe page on their website with pool safety information, updated their training programme for leisure staff, and installed a dedicated swimming pool first aid kit in the Leisure reception area.
Evelyn March
All Responded
2024-0504 19 Sep 2024 West Yorkshire (East)
Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
Concerns summary (AI summary) An exhausted mother was discharged too soon, only 4 hours post-delivery after a prolonged labour, leading to the baby's death when she fell asleep during breastfeeding. This raises concerns about the timing of postpartum discharges.
Noted (AI summary) The Trust acknowledges the concerns raised and states that postnatal care was carried out within national guidance. They note that postnatal maternity wards are not conducive to rest and recuperation and that most mothers prefer to return home.
Felix Hartley
All Responded
2024-0475 30 Aug 2024 West Sussex
British Association of Perinatal Medici… NHS England University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundat…
Concerns summary (AI summary) Neonatology Consultants are not immediately on-site overnight or weekends at two distant hospitals, and variable response times due to travel constraints pose a risk in emergencies.
Noted (AI summary) NHS England outlines national standards for neonatal critical care units, references BAPM standards, notes NHS Trusts exercise their own policies for on-call response times, and states that University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust and Sussex Health and Care Integrated Care Board have been engaged on the concerns raised in the report. The British Association of Perinatal Medicine (BAPM) will send out a safety alert to its members and stakeholders drawing attention to recommendations about consultant cover for neonatal units. University Hospitals Sussex acknowledges that current on-call arrangements do not meet BAPM standards and is exploring options for a separate Neonatal Consultant on-call rota for the Princess Royal Hospital. They are approaching the Integrated Care Board (ICB) to consider externally reviewing current arrangements.
Alfie Tollett
All Responded
2024-0471 27 Aug 2024 Devon, Plymouth and Torbay
Jaguar Land Rover
Concerns summary (AI summary) The car's gear selection design, lacking an intermediary step beyond a button press, contributed to driver error, raising concerns about vehicle safety features.
Disputed (AI summary) Jaguar Land Rover reviewed the incident data and concluded that the Jaguar I-Pace gear transmission control unit and alert strategy meet all legal requirements for vehicle safety and no changes are required.
Hannah Jacobs
Partially Responded
2024-0465 20 Aug 2024 East London
Department for Education Department of Health and Social Care
Concerns summary (AI summary) Insufficient consideration for managing anaphylaxis risk during school commutes highlights a need for better education for schools, patients, and parents on the importance of carrying adrenaline auto-injectors.
Noted (AI summary) The DHSC refers to existing guidance on managing anaphylaxis in schools and the role of the Expert Advisory Group for Allergy, noting that adrenaline auto-injector suppliers were in stock at the time.
Hannah Jacobs
All Responded
2024-0464 20 Aug 2024 East London
British Society for Allergy and Clinica… General Dental Council NHS England +3 more
Concerns summary (AI summary) Dental staff failed to recognise anaphylaxis symptoms, and allergy plans gave false reassurance for mild reactions. Education is needed on identifying anaphylaxis and using adrenaline auto-injectors if in doubt.
Noted (AI summary) NHS England is reviewing its communications approach to alerting GP practices about medicine shortages and the Pharmacy and Medicines Optimisation Team is reviewing the use of AAIs and their supply. All reports received are discussed by the Regulation 28 Working Group. BSACI is developing an online allergy education platform for healthcare professionals and others, covering anaphylaxis recognition and management. The BSACI allergy action plans include difficulty swallowing as a manifestation of anaphylaxis and state "if in doubt, give adrenaline." The RCP will work with other colleges and societies to agree and support standards of care and education related to allergy, including updating standards for allergy accreditation and promoting multidisciplinary care. As a member of the EAGA, the RCP is working on the development of the UK National Allergy Strategy. The GDC will write to NICE to suggest they review anaphylaxis symptoms and guidance for dental professionals, and will consider changes to CPD requirements regarding medical emergencies as part of a review concluding in 2025. The GPhC acknowledges supply issues with adrenaline autoinjectors and highlights existing standards for pharmacy professionals, signposting other resources for safe AAI use and directing medicine supply inquiries to the DHSC. They offer a meeting with Hannah's family. The RCPCH will share information from the report with its members via a patient safety portal and for discussion with the Clinical Quality in Practice Committee, where further actions may be identified.
Daniel Klosi
All Responded
2024-0462 16 Aug 2024 Inner North London
Royal College of Emergency Medicine Royal College of Paediatrics and Child … Royal Free Hospital
Concerns summary (AI summary) A distressed neurodiverse child did not receive full observations for over four hours in a busy emergency department, leading to a catastrophic cardiovascular compromise and highlighting challenges in assessing such patients.
Noted (AI summary) The RCEM expresses condolences and refers to existing guidance for re-attendance, paediatric emergency care standards, educational material on Group A Streptococcus, a Learning Disabilities toolkit, and the Oliver McGowan training programme. They state that questions about electronic patient records are best directed to NHS England. The RCPCH will share information and suggestions for local improvement from the coroner's report with its members via its patient safety portal and will discuss the report with the RCPCH Clinical Quality in Practice Committee to identify further actions. The Royal Free London Hospital has provided training on deteriorating conditions in children, including the use of the Paediatric Early Warning Score and sepsis identification tools, and has re-familiarised staff with the SBAR communication tool. A nurse champion has been appointed to lead training and audits and a pathway has been implemented to ensure reattendees are seen by the next available doctor.
Malika Hibu
All Responded
2024-0432 7 Aug 2024 Inner North London
Islington Borough Council Mayor of London Ministry of Housing, Communities and Lo… +1 more
Concerns summary (AI summary) Peabody Housing Association failed to address an unsafe canal barrier, demonstrating a lack of boundary knowledge, neglected risk assessments, ignored resident complaints, and inaction on known safety hazards.
Action Planned (AI summary) Peabody has implemented emergency temporary fencing and developed proposals for permanent safety railings at the canal edge, while working with the London Borough of Islington and CRT/CIC for required approvals. They have also strengthened internal policies and procedures relating to resident safety and reporting concerns. Islington Council is working with Peabody on a planning application for safety fencing around the canal side area of the Crest Buildings development. Urban design lessons from this incident have been shared with Development Management Officers, and a planning application for another canal side residential development includes fencing. The Mayor of London will consider the concerns raised in the PFD report through his review of the London Plan, with public consultation planned for the second half of 2025 and adoption of the revised Plan in 2027. Any changes made to the NPPF by the government will also be considered. The government published an updated NPPF on 12 December 2024 that includes additional policy to consider the safety of children and other vulnerable users in proximity to open water, railways and other potential hazards.
Lamarah Scarlett
Partially Responded
2024-0425 29 Jul 2024 Gloucestershire
Department for Education Local Government Association Traffic Commissioner for West of England
Concerns summary (AI summary) Inadequate regulation of transport for Special Educational Needs children led to issues including crew unfamiliarity with safety plans, poor handovers, insufficient personnel change notifications, and a lack of mandatory training or oversight.
Action Planned (AI summary) The Department for Education has contacted Gloucestershire County Council, who now require all members of transport crews to undertake first aid training. The Department is drafting non-statutory guidance to support better partnership working to meet children’s needs, expected later this year or early next year.
Regan Smith
All Responded
2024-0479 24 Jul 2024 Suffolk
Department of Health and Social Care
Concerns summary (AI summary) An ineffective verbal-only handover, incompatible IT systems, and high A&E acuity caused critical clinical information to be missed. A lack of national handover protocols for emergency departments exacerbated this risk.
Action Planned (AI summary) The Department of Health and Social Care acknowledge issues with handover of test results and emergency department pressures. They state that an ambulance data set is currently being rolled out across England to link patient data, and that the NHS is taking action to improve urgent and emergency care performance.