The Environment Bill targets framework creates a power for the Government to set long- term, legally binding targets across the natural environment. The framework places a duty on Government to set at least one such target in each of the four priority areas: air quality, water, biodiversity and waste reduction and resource efficiency, as well as a target for fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Legally binding environmental targets are an important tool. They will drive action by successive Governments to protect and enhance the natural world. They allow for robust, objective scrutiny and accountability of Government’s progress. And they provide much- needed long-term certainty to businesses and society, to support planning, innovation and investment. This includes helping to stimulate investments in green technology and innovative practices. Targets will be set following a robust, evidence-led process that includes a statutory requirement to seek independent expert advice, and a role for stakeholders and the public, as well as scrutiny from Parliament. The Government is working towards a public consultation that will include proposed targets and an assessment of their impacts for publication in early 2022.