Scotland’s universities have an international reputation for excellent research that delivers economic and social benefits for both Scotland and the wider world.237 Richard Lochhead MSP, Scottish Minister for Further Education, Higher Education and Science, has said that “Scotland is a science and research nation—we already punch well above our weight and enjoy a global reputation as a welcoming, pro-science nation that supports research and innovation.”238 Demonstrating the impact of Scottish research, the RSE Young Academy of Scotland told us that: The value for money provided by Scottish research is high: with 10% of the UK researcher population producing 12% of the UK research outputs in