Increasing teacher numbers: Secondary and further education

Public Accounts Committee Closed Inquiry
Opened: 26 Mar 2025 Closed: 22 Sep 2025 Parliament page
Teacher recruitment and retention has been a challenge for over ten years. The Department for Education (DfE) has predicted that the secondary school population will peak in 2026/27, with secondary school pupil-to-teacher ratios at their highest since 2010. DfE laid out a vision in 2022 for every child to be … Read more
2 Recommendations
25 Conclusions
1 Report
1 Oral session
2 Letters
1 Event
Activity timeline 6 events
24 Nov
2025
Correspondence
15 Oct
2025
Report published
9 Jul
2025
Report published
9 Jun
2025
Correspondence
19 May
2025
Oral evidence
19 May
2025
Formal meeting (oral evidence session) · The Thatcher Room, Portcullis House
Oral evidence sessions 1 session
19 May 2025
View on parliament.uk
Julia Kinniburgh · Department for Education Juliet Chua · Department for Education Susan Acland-Hood · The Department for Education
Title HC No. Published Items Response
38th Report - Increasing teacher numbers: Secondary and further … HC 825 9 Jul 2025 27 Responded
Recommendations & Conclusions
17 results
Clear
2 Conclusion Accepted
38th Report - Increasing teacher n…
Develop a whole-system strategy to recruit and retain school and college teachers.
The Department has no clear or coherent approach bringing together its various initiatives on teacher recruitment and retention. In 2024–25, the Department had a £700 million package, excluding pay and pensions, for recruitment and retention initiatives which the Department has … Read more
Government Response
The government committed to detailing its whole-system strategy for teacher recruitment and retention across several upcoming policy documents, including the Schools White Paper, the 6,500 delivery plan, and the post-16 education and skills strategy.
HM Treasury
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3 Conclusion Accepted
38th Report - Increasing teacher n…
Understand reasons for teacher variations in deprived areas and core subjects.
Teacher vacancies and the challenges of retaining experienced teachers are greater for schools in deprived areas, and across some core subjects, leading to inequities in provision and career opportunities. Schools and colleges decide their own staffing model and have discretion … Read more
Government Response
The government committed to evaluating the Targeted Retention Incentive, with reports planned for 2027 and 2028, and deciding on a longitudinal study by late 2026 to better understand variations in teacher retention.
HM Treasury
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4 Conclusion Accepted
38th Report - Increasing teacher n…
Update Committee on recruitment and retention plans for the further education sector.
The Department has recently increased its focus on addressing the significant teacher gaps across further education colleges, but there remains much more to do. A shortage of further education college teachers, which impacts the type and extent of skills developed, … Read more
Government Response
The government committed to detailing its FE teacher recruitment and retention plans in upcoming documents and providing biannual updates on progress, starting with the next Further Education Workforce data publication.
HM Treasury
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5 Conclusion Accepted
38th Report - Increasing teacher n…
Understand why teachers leave and support schools in addressing workload and conditions.
Teachers’ working environment and conditions remain critically important to teacher retention, with workload cited as the top reason for teachers leaving, and pupil behaviour an escalating challenge. The Department does not offer payments or structured support for more experienced teachers, … Read more
Government Response
The government agrees and is developing a workload reduction toolkit, exploring AI/digital tools with an EdTech pilot to reduce teacher workload, and delivering a flexible working toolkit. It also outlines plans for regional support for behaviour hubs starting 2025-26 and wider rollout from January 2026, pending evaluation and funding.
HM Treasury
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6 Conclusion Accepted
38th Report - Increasing teacher n…
Assess effectiveness and value-for-money of teacher pay against other recruitment initiatives
The Department recognises pay as important in recruiting and retaining teachers, but is less clear on how it considers pay alongside other initiatives and how schools and colleges can afford pay rises. Pay is important in recruiting and retaining teachers. … Read more
Government Response
The government agrees and continues to assess the effectiveness and value-for-money of pay against other recruitment and retention initiatives. It details specific ongoing analyses, including existing assessments, workforce surveys, and evaluations of various programs and incentives, which it will continue over the next year to inform its approach.
HM Treasury
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1 Conclusion Accepted
38th Report - Increasing teacher n…
Committee took evidence on increasing teacher numbers across secondary schools and colleges
On the basis of a report by the Comptroller and Auditor General, we took evidence from the Department for Education (the Department) on increasing teacher numbers across secondary schools and further education colleges.1
Government Response
The government agrees and has made progress on its commitment to recruit 6,500 teachers, citing specific pay awards, financial incentives, and £160 million investment for colleges. It will publish a detailed delivery plan outlining how this commitment will be met and tracked.
HM Treasury
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8 Recommendation Accepted
38th Report - Increasing teacher n…
Department claims positive impact on teacher recruitment and retention from current initiatives
Although unable to breakdown the pledge by time or educational setting, or provide a baseline, the Department described having started delivering the pledge through, for example, the 5.5% pay award for schoolteachers in 2024–25 and an increase to the financial … Read more
Government Response
The government agrees with the recommendation and will publish a delivery plan by December 2025 setting out how it will recruit 6,500 new teachers, including baselines, milestones, and levers for both recruitment and retention.
HM Treasury
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10 Conclusion Accepted
38th Report - Increasing teacher n…
Department lacks robust value-for-money analysis for teacher recruitment initiatives and spending
We asked the Department how confident it was that the initiatives funded through the £700 million represented the best value for money. It told us it had allocated the funding in a way to make what is described as “as … Read more
Government Response
The government is investing in analysing and evaluating policies to understand impact, maximise value for money and ensure focus on our best evidenced levers, including embedding value for money analysis into the design and evaluation of major initiatives.
HM Treasury
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11 Conclusion Accepted
38th Report - Increasing teacher n…
Department has not fully evaluated all teacher recruitment and retention initiatives
In 2016, the previous Public Accounts Committee recommended that the Department should undertake a full evaluation of all its recruitment and retention initiatives to understand what works, including 18 Q 62; C&AG’s Report, para 2.38 19 Qq 22, 62 20 … Read more
Government Response
The department is investing in analyzing and evaluating policies and is embedding value for money analysis into the design and evaluation of all major initiatives, and is using data from various sources to inform its strategy.
HM Treasury
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13 Conclusion Accepted
38th Report - Increasing teacher n…
Department previously worked in silos, hindering understanding of inter-sector teacher competition
We questioned the Department on what it was doing to better understand the competition between schools and colleges when recruiting teachers.31 The Department has identified that around 60% of workers who leave an education occupation move into another education occupation. … Read more
Government Response
The department has published some evidence of variations in schools and works with schools and colleges to inform understanding of why the variations exist.
HM Treasury
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14 Conclusion Accepted
38th Report - Increasing teacher n…
Further education colleges face significant challenges recruiting teachers and filling vacancies
In offering vocational training, further education colleges support the government’s missions for building skills for economic growth and spreading opportunities too all children. However, colleges struggle to compete with schools and industry to recruit the teachers required and have experienced … Read more
Government Response
The government offers the Targeted Retention Incentive (TRI) worth up to £6,000 per year after tax for early career teachers in key STEM and technical subjects in disadvantaged schools and all FE colleges.
HM Treasury
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15 Conclusion Accepted
38th Report - Increasing teacher n…
Further education teacher recruitment receives insufficient focus and funding compared to schools.
We asked the Department if it thought there has been less focus on recruitment in further education than there should have been given the need to increase skills across the UK economy. For example, written evidence we received from the … Read more
Government Response
The government acknowledges variations in school and FE recruitment and retention, highlighting the Targeted Retention Incentive (TRI) offering up to £6,000 per year for early career teachers in STEM and technical subjects in disadvantaged schools and all FE colleges.
HM Treasury
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16 Conclusion Accepted
38th Report - Increasing teacher n…
Department's further education teacher recruitment initiatives remain new and unevaluated for long-term impact.
The Department acknowledged that it was concerned about the position in colleges, where the vacancy rate was significantly higher than in schools, but it described having a “strong” focus on recruitment into further education.38 It explained that it had introduced … Read more
Government Response
The government offers the Targeted Retention Incentive (TRI) worth up to £6,000 per year after tax for early career teachers in key STEM and technical subjects in disadvantaged schools and all FE colleges.
HM Treasury
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17 Recommendation Accepted
38th Report - Increasing teacher n…
Department's further education workforce data collection is incomplete, undermining projection reliability.
The Department has overseen further education colleges since July 2016 with further education colleges reclassified into the public sector in November 2022. Its further education workforce data collection started in 2020, and while this was able to cover 94% of … Read more
Government Response
The government states that strengthening the FE evidence base is a key priority, highlighting the FE Workforce in England data publication and increased provider response rates, as well as steps to improve data and evidence related to teacher training for the FE sector.
HM Treasury
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18 Conclusion Accepted
38th Report - Increasing teacher n…
Education sector suffers lower long-term teacher retention compared to other public and private sectors.
We asked the Department what it was doing to understand why fewer people stay working in the education sector compared with other sectors – 38% of those who had worked within the education sector at some point between the ages … Read more
Government Response
The government states they gather data through the Working Lives of Teachers and Leaders study and are working with the sector through the Improving Education Together partnership to help improve teacher retention across schools and colleges, including developing a workload reduction toolkit and exploring how AI and digital tools can transform teaching and learning.
HM Treasury
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19 Conclusion Accepted
38th Report - Increasing teacher n…
High teacher workload and stress are significant, unresolved drivers of educators leaving the profession.
The Department’s annual teacher survey showed that 84% of teachers who had left between its 2023 and 2024 surveys described high workload as a reason for leaving, with 75% citing stress and/or poor wellbeing. Full-time secondary school teachers in England … Read more
Government Response
The government gathers data through the longitudinal Working Lives of Teachers and Leaders study and is working with the sector to help improve teacher retention across schools and colleges, including exploring how AI and digital tools can transform teaching and learning.
HM Treasury
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21 Conclusion Accepted
38th Report - Increasing teacher n…
Poor pupil behaviour increasingly contributes to teacher stress and departure from the profession.
We challenged the Department on the extent to which poor pupil behaviour could negatively impact teachers’ mental health and wellbeing, as set out in written evidence from Education Support.56 60% of schoolteachers felt they spent too much time following up … Read more
Government Response
The government is supporting senior leaders in developing good school cultures with high expectations through the attendance and behaviour hubs programme, which has shown positive changes in staff-rated behaviour in previous iterations.
HM Treasury
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Government Response AI assessment · 27 of 2 classified
Accepted 17
Acknowledged 10
Total 2 recs + 25 conclusions
Correspondence 2 letters
24 Nov 2025 To committee Letter from the Permanent Secretary at the Department for Education relating to the increase of teacher numbers, 14 November 2025
Parliament page
9 Jun 2025 To committee Letter from the Permanent Secretary for the Department for Education relating to the follow up on the oral evidence session held on 19 May on Increasing teacher numbers: Secondary and further education, 02 June 2025
Parliament page