Despite making up 41% of all crime in the year to June 2022, only around 1% of police personnel are dedicated to fraud. In 2017, we raised concerns that fraud was not mentioned in all Police & Crime Commissioners’ police and crime plans.22 The NCA told us that fraud is now mentioned in all police and crime plans but that this will “take some time to feed into how police direct their activity”.23 The Department also told us there was the possibility of government setting police direction by including fraud in the strategic policing requirement—a document which sets out the Home Secretary’s view of the national threats and the policing capabilities required to counter them—and that this was something that Ministers were considering. City of London Police told us that around 27,000 fraud cases a year were sent from Action Fraud and the National Fraud Intelligence Bureau, a centralised intelligence function within the City of London Police, to policing and law enforcement for investigation. Of those, around 5% result in a criminal justice outcome, where an offender is charged or prosecuted for the crime. The NCA told us that the historic approach of collecting thousands of reports from victims and trying to investigate these had not worked, and the government was now looking to take a more proactive approach to prevent fraud.24 The Department explained that it was allocating £400 million over the next spending review period to enhance the capabilities of law enforcement and intelligence organisations to respond to fraud. City of London Police told us that part of this funding was intended to build 10 proactive fraud investigation teams around the UK, who will work with local and regional policing to identify and disrupt fraudsters before a fraud is committed.25The NCA gave an example of recent work by the Metropolitan police in identifying and taking down a website which was enabling criminals to make spoof phone calls to individuals, posing as their bank, the NCA or a