Weaknesses in the Departments’ data also contributed to the schemes providing support to taxpayers whose incomes were not significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Eighteen percent of the value of the first three SEISS grants—around £3.5 billon—was paid to people who saw their turnover increase in 2020–21 even without the grant. While around £6.5 billion of furlough paid between March 2020 and October 2020 went to employers who saw their turnover increase or stay the same, of which £1.5 billion was paid to employers who said they would not have made redundancies or closed permanently without CJRS.17