Tax policy changes are also increasing the cost of the tax system. Of the 240 changes announced over the period from 2022 to 2024, HMRC identified 16 changes as having a significant financial impact on businesses, of which 13 had estimated implementation and ongoing costs totalling £913 million. HMRC also estimated that changes would further increase its costs over the next few years by around £875 million through a mix of one–off and ongoing costs.10