We asked HMRC why the cost to business of administering the tax system was so high. HMRC said that complying with tax obligations is an inevitable feature of doing business, and its aim was to make that cost as low as possible whilst making sure businesses comply. It told us accounting and business software offers real opportunities to reduce the cost to businesses of managing tax compliance by making it “part and parcel” of what they do every day to run their business. HMRC said it had largely done that for Pay As You Earn Income Tax and, more recently, for VAT through its Making Tax Digital programme.15