Excluding State Pension, DWP estimates that it overpaid a total of 6.7% (£9.5 billion) of benefit expenditure in 2023–24, up from 6.6% (£8.2 billion) in 2022–23.58 Fraud—where DWP considers that a claimant should reasonably have been aware that they were receiving money they were not entitled to—accounted for most of the overpayments (£7.3 billion).59 Two–thirds of all overpayments by value related to UC.60