Departmental witnesses told us how effective cross-government working begins with a shared vision.11 Cabinet Office told us that a vision does not always arrive ready- made and it is important for the departments involved to understand and appreciate the ‘common goal’.12 We also heard that getting buy-in from departments is key.13 This is often easier when the policy area has a high level of political support, for example climate change; and where there is senior political agreement on priorities.14