L22 Response Accepted in Part

Arbitration Service

Recommendation

The Board should provide an arbitral process in relation to civil legal claims against subscribers, drawing on independent legal experts of high reputation and ability on a cost-only basis to the subscribing member. The process should be fair, quick and inexpensive, inquisitorial and free for complainants to use (save for a power to make an adverse order for the costs of the arbitrator if proceedings are frivolous or vexatious). The arbitrator must have the power to hold hearings where necessary but, equally, to dispense with them where it is not necessary. The process must have a system to allow frivolous or vexatious claims to be struck out at an early stage.

Published Evidence Summary
The following publicly available evidence relates to this recommendation:
IPSO introduced a low-cost arbitration scheme, capped at £100 for claimants, which is compulsory for 16 major newspapers. IMPRESS also offers an arbitration scheme that meets the Royal Charter criteria (Independent evidence, 2025-02-27). However, the independent evidence highlights that IPSO's scheme operates outside the Royal Charter framework and was not available for its initial years, and the fragmented regulatory landscape means most of the public lacks access to free arbitration against all newspapers.
How was this assessed?
Assessed by gemini-2.5-flash on 24 Mar 2026
Checked data held on this site (government responses, progress updates, independent evidence)
External sources searched: www.gov.uk, www.legislation.gov.uk, hansard.parliament.uk
Jurisdiction
UK-wide
Response
Accepted in Part
Accepted in Part UK Government
29 Nov 2012

The Prime Minister stated on 29 November 2012 that he accepted "the principles that Lord Justice Leveson has laid out" for independent self-regulation, including "an independent board, a standards code, an arbitration service and the power to demand up-front, prominent apologies and impose million-pound fines." However, he rejected statutory underpinning, expressing "serious concerns and misgivings" about crossing "the Rubicon of writing elements of press regulation into the law of the land." The Royal Charter on Self-Regulation of the Press was granted on 30 October 2013, establishing the Press Recognition Panel as the recognition body. IPSO was established in September 2014 but has not sought Royal Charter recognition. IMPRESS was recognised by the PRP in October 2016. Source: https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/david-cameron-statement-in-response-to-the-leveson-inquiry-report

Read Full Response
Note: PM David Cameron responded to all 92 recommendations with a single statement accepting them "in principle" or "in part". No per-recommendation response was published.
Published Evidence

Published assessments of implementation progress from inspectorates, select committees, official progress reports, and other sources. Check the source type badge to see whether each assessment is independent or government self-reported.

Reasonable Progress
27 Feb 2025
IPSO Other

IPSO introduced a low-cost arbitration scheme (capped at £100 for claimants) which is compulsory for 16 major newspapers. However this operates outside the Royal Charter framework and was not available for the first several years of IPSO's existence. IMPRESS offers an arbitration scheme meeting the Royal Charter criteria but covers no major national newspapers.

View detailed findings

Arbitration exists at both IPSO and IMPRESS but the fragmented landscape means most of the public lacks access to free arbitration against their local or national newspaper through a recognised regulator.

IPSO arbitration scheme View Source
Source
Report An Inquiry into the Culture, Practices and Ethics of the Press 29 Nov 2012
Responsible Bodies
Press Primary
Recommendation age 13.3 yrs
Last formal update 4864 days ago