The Online Safety Act introduces duties for in-scope services to implement proportionate systems and processes for mitigating risks to users’ safety. Regulated services are required to monitor how effective these systems and processes are. Accordingly, Ofcom will judge the systems and processes that platforms have in place to address content captured under the Act’s safety duties, and take enforcement action where proportionate systems and processes are not in place, including by requiring certain steps or imposing fines via penalty notices. Under the regime, Ofcom does not make judgements on, or serve penalty notices in response to, individual pieces of content. To equip Ofcom with the powers this recommendation proposes, there would need to be an associated duty on platforms to tackle the monetisation of harmful content; this would necessitate defining ‘harmful content’, i.e. that which falls out of scope of the current duties but still has the capacity to cause harm to users. Imposing penalties in relation to individual pieces of content where providers haven’t been made aware of them could also have broader implications for policies designed to ensure the efficient functioning of the internet by providing limited protections to essential internet intermediary services.