In mid-2020 insolvency was a very real prospect facing a number of universities in Scotland. Both the UK and Scottish Governments should be congratulated on their efforts and significant financial investments into Scottish universities in response to the pandemic. It is quite possible that without that support, some institutions may not have survived. We also welcome the commitment made by the Scottish Government that it will make every effort to ensure that no university becomes insolvent as a result of the pandemic. International student fees