First Report - Universities and Scotland
Select Committee
Scottish Affairs Committee
HC 54
28 May 2021
Government Response (AI assessment · 141 of 151 classified)
Accepted
44
Acknowledged
48
Deferred
5
Rejected
10
Government response
Fourth Special Report - Universities and Scotland: Government Response to the Committee’s First Report · published 27 Apr 2022
Recommendations & Conclusions
44 results
12
Recommendation
Accepted
Para 138
The Horizon programme has been, and will continue to be, vital to Scottish academic research.
Recommendation
The Horizon programme has been, and will continue to be, vital to Scottish academic research. It aids Scotland’s universities in their quest to tackle the biggest global challenges. We praise the UK Government for ensuring the UK’s continued participation; it …
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Government Response Summary
The government confirms its agreement to associate with Horizon Europe, stating the terms ensure fair financial contribution and equivalent participation for UK applicants, and has a contingency plan if association is not formalised.
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19
Conclusion
Accepted
There are six main income sources for Scotland’s universities: • Tuition fees; • Funding grants;...
Conclusion
There are six main income sources for Scotland’s universities: • Tuition fees; • Funding grants; • Research grants; • Investment income; • Donations and endowments; and • Other income (including commercial)31
Government Response Summary
The government acknowledges the importance of diversified income streams for universities, focusing on international students as a vital source while recognizing the risks of over-reliance. It highlights the existing International Education Strategy and the Graduate Route as measures to attract international students and ensure sustainable, diversified recruitment.
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23
Conclusion
Accepted
Although total income for the sector as a whole increased by 3% between 2014 and...
Conclusion
Although total income for the sector as a whole increased by 3% between 2014 and 2018, total income reduced at nine universities, including five modern universities, over that period.42 The chart below (from Audit Scotland’s 2019 report) demonstrates the different …
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Government Response Summary
The government acknowledges the varying income streams and risks for universities, emphasizing the importance of diversified funding, especially concerning international students. It outlines existing initiatives like the International Education Strategy and the Graduate Route, which aim to attract international students sustainably while managing associated risks.
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49
Conclusion
Accepted
The current picture regarding international student numbers looks much more encouraging than it did in...
Conclusion
The current picture regarding international student numbers looks much more encouraging than it did in mid-2020. UCAS data117 from 18 February 2021 shows that applications to Scottish universities for the next academic year by non-EU international students has—despite many expectations …
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Government Response Summary
The government acknowledges the devolved nature of HE and its engagement with Scottish Government, and states that its International Education Strategy has already seen an increase in international student enrolments, meeting its 2030 target ahead of time.
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59
Recommendation
Accepted
In the view of Mary Senior, University and College Union Scotland, things like a “hostile...
Recommendation
In the view of Mary Senior, University and College Union Scotland, things like a “hostile environment and [ … ] draconian immigration system” all impact on the ability of Scottish universities to attract EU students.142 Universities UK believes the UK …
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Government Response Summary
The government states it has launched a new global, points-based immigration system, including the Graduate route, and is promoting these extensively to welcome international students, aiming for 600,000 by 2030, which it believes addresses the issue.
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60
Recommendation
Accepted
Universities UK has outlined the steps they believe the UK Government should take in order...
Recommendation
Universities UK has outlined the steps they believe the UK Government should take in order to help stabilise EU/European Economic Area (EEA) student demand. These include: • “Improving and extending the Study UK campaign into key markets in Europe by …
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Government Response Summary
The government refers to its existing International Education Strategy and notes it already operates global scholarship programmes like Chevening and Commonwealth scholarships. It also states the British Council Study UK campaign collaborates with Scottish stakeholders to accurately represent Scottish universities.
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62
Recommendation
Accepted
EU students paying international student rates can provide a new and potentially lucrative income stream...
Recommendation
EU students paying international student rates can provide a new and potentially lucrative income stream for Scottish universities, though this new income stream may face the same risks posed to fees from international students. Although applications from EU students have …
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Government Response Summary
The government stated its International Education Strategy aims to increase international students, a target already met, and highlighted existing global scholarship programmes (Chevening, Commonwealth, Marshall) available to students, rather than committing to a new or expanded scheme specifically for EU students or increased funding for Study UK to target them.
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63
Conclusion
Accepted
During our inquiry we heard how the covid-19 pandemic has negatively affected university students.
Conclusion
During our inquiry we heard how the covid-19 pandemic has negatively affected university students. They spent most of 2020 and the first months of 2021 working remotely, with universities only permitted to have 5% of their total students on campus …
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Government Response Summary
The government describes a series of concessions introduced to support the education sector and international students during COVID-19, including enabling distance learning and ensuring COVID-related absences do not count against students.
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74
Conclusion
Accepted
Each year more than 58,000 international students from 180 countries study in Scotland.167 In 2018,...
Conclusion
Each year more than 58,000 international students from 180 countries study in Scotland.167 In 2018, this made up about a quarter of the total student population.168 Professor Chris Pearce, University of Glasgow, told us that international students “enrich the diversity …
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Government Response Summary
The government acknowledges the value of international students, stating that its International Education Strategy (updated Feb 2021) aims to sustainably increase international students and education exports, noting they have already met the 600,000 student target for 2030.
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75
Conclusion
Accepted
In the view of Karen Watt, Chief Executive of the Scottish Funding Council, the attractiveness...
Conclusion
In the view of Karen Watt, Chief Executive of the Scottish Funding Council, the attractiveness of Scotland’s universities to prospective international students will depend a lot on what’s going on in other counties.172 In particular she pointed out that the …
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Government Response Summary
The government acknowledges the importance of attracting international students and refers to its updated International Education Strategy, which sets ambitions for student numbers and education exports, noting the 2030 student target has already been met.
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76
Conclusion
Accepted
During our inquiry a number of witnesses, including Minister Lochhead, spoke to us about the...
Conclusion
During our inquiry a number of witnesses, including Minister Lochhead, spoke to us about the importance to prospective international students of making sure that immigration policies—which are reserved to the UK Government—are as streamlined and as simple as possible.176 In …
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Government Response Summary
The government states it is already committed to supporting the higher education sector and increasing international students, citing recent migration statistics and the introduction of 'streamlined, simplified' Student, Child Student, and Graduate routes. They also highlighted concessions made during Covid-19.
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77
Conclusion
Accepted
The duration of the Student visa depends on course length but, at degree level, can...
Conclusion
The duration of the Student visa depends on course length but, at degree level, can last for up to five years.180 It usually costs £348 to apply for a Student visa from outside the UK or £475 to extend or …
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Government Response Summary
The government reiterated its commitment to supporting and increasing international students and academics, citing record numbers of sponsored study visas and the introduction of streamlined Student and Graduate routes. It did not directly address the committee's observation regarding visa costs and the healthcare surcharge making the UK less welcoming.
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78
Conclusion
Accepted
The UK Government has also announced, as recommended by our predecessor Committee,185 a new Graduate...
Conclusion
The UK Government has also announced, as recommended by our predecessor Committee,185 a new Graduate visa route—initially piloted in Scotland with great success186—which will open for applications from 1 July 2021. This will allow undergraduates to remain in the UK …
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Government Response Summary
The government reiterates its commitment to the higher education sector and confirms the launch of the Student, Child Student, and Graduate visa routes in 2020-2021, which streamline and simplify pathways for international students and graduates.
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81
Recommendation
Accepted
Scottish universities are dependent on immigration decisions made at UK-level but have limited opportunities to...
Recommendation
Scottish universities are dependent on immigration decisions made at UK-level but have limited opportunities to influence those decision-making processes. Given that the UK and Scottish Governments both recognise the importance of reflecting Scottish interests in UK immigration policies, the UK …
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Government Response Summary
The government accepted the recommendation, stating it would submit its response to the Committee's Report on Immigration and Scotland shortly.
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82
Conclusion
Accepted
Erasmus+ is the EU programme for education, training, youth and sport.195 Between 2014 and 2018...
Conclusion
Erasmus+ is the EU programme for education, training, youth and sport.195 Between 2014 and 2018 4,846 Erasmus+ grants were awarded to UK organisations, worth around €680 million and Erasmus+ funding has supported more than 128,000 UK participants.196 The RSE Young …
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Government Response Summary
The government has committed £110 million for the Turing Scheme for the 2022/23 academic year, as its replacement for Erasmus+, aiming to support international educational mobility, evaluate its impact, and focus on widening access for disadvantaged students, noting that partial association with Erasmus+ is not legally possible.
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85
Conclusion
Accepted
On 26 December 2020, two days after the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement was reached,...
Conclusion
On 26 December 2020, two days after the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement was reached, the UK Government announced a new scheme for students to study and work abroad that would “replace the UK’s participation in Erasmus+”.202 Along with the …
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Government Response Summary
The government confirmed three-year funding for the Turing Scheme, maintaining £110 million for 2022/23, and committed to evaluating its impact and developing the scheme in future years to ensure it delivers on its objectives. It also noted the impossibility of partial association with Erasmus+.
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87
Conclusion
Accepted
Universities UK had a mixed reaction to the replacement of Erasmus+ with Turing: While we...
Conclusion
Universities UK had a mixed reaction to the replacement of Erasmus+ with Turing: While we are obviously disappointed that the UK will no longer be part of the Erasmus scheme, it is significant that the Government has committed to a …
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Government Response Summary
The government confirmed three years of funding for the Turing Scheme, maintaining £110 million for 2022/23, but reiterated that the scheme prioritises outward mobility and does not cover inbound student placements, addressing the mixed reaction and concerns raised.
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88
Conclusion
Accepted
In relation to the impact on Scotland, Royal Society of Edinburgh Fellows told us that:...
Conclusion
In relation to the impact on Scotland, Royal Society of Edinburgh Fellows told us that: The UK leaving the Erasmus+ programme is regrettable and will adversely affect both students and staff through the loss of two-way mobility. This impact will …
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Government Response Summary
The government has confirmed funding for the Turing Scheme for the next three years, including £110 million for 2022/23, and commits to evaluating its impact and engaging with Devolved Administrations to develop it further.
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89
Conclusion
Accepted
As pointed out by both Universities UK and the Royal Society of Edinburgh, it is...
Conclusion
As pointed out by both Universities UK and the Royal Society of Edinburgh, it is not currently envisaged that the Turing Scheme will fund overseas students coming to the UK, as Erasmus+ did. As outlined earlier in the Chapter (paragraph …
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Government Response Summary
The government confirmed three years of funding for the Turing Scheme but stated that the scheme prioritises pupils, students, and learners over staff and inward mobility funding, thus not envisaging funding for overseas students coming to the UK.
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91
Recommendation
Accepted
Mary Senior, University and College Union Scotland, had concerns about the “temporary nature” of the...
Recommendation
Mary Senior, University and College Union Scotland, had concerns about the “temporary nature” of the Turing Scheme.211 She noted that: Turing is only for one year. It’s going to be far harder to build relationships with other institutions when you …
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Government Response Summary
The government has confirmed three years of funding for the Turing Scheme, addressing concerns about its temporary nature and outlining its long-term ambitions for international educational mobility.
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97
Conclusion
Accepted
In the Government’s view the UK “could achieve the same benefits [as Erasmus+] with Turing”,...
Conclusion
In the Government’s view the UK “could achieve the same benefits [as Erasmus+] with Turing”, but could also improve upon it by “looking at the global reach of it to widen participation”.226 Minister Stewart told us that it was about: …
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Government Response Summary
The government confirmed three years of funding for the Turing Scheme, maintaining £110 million for 2022/23, and reiterated its commitment to international educational mobility and global reach, aligning with its stated aims to improve upon Erasmus+.
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99
Conclusion
Accepted
Looking ahead to future years of the Turing Scheme, and collaboration with the devolved administrations,...
Conclusion
Looking ahead to future years of the Turing Scheme, and collaboration with the devolved administrations, Rebecca Hackett, Office of the Secretary of State for Scotland, told us that: 223 “New International Learning Exchange programme to make good the loss of …
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Government Response Summary
The government confirmed three years of funding for the Turing Scheme, stating it will evaluate the first year to continue developing the scheme and will continue to closely engage with Devolved Administrations in its future development.
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111
Conclusion
Accepted
Professor Chris Pearce also pointed out however that universities, such as the University of Glasgow,...
Conclusion
Professor Chris Pearce also pointed out however that universities, such as the University of Glasgow, have had to redirect a lot of resources to fight covid-19 and, as a consequence, a lot of non-covid research has been “severely impacted”.248 He …
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Government Response Summary
The government addresses the impact on research by committing to a significant uplift in public R&D spending, reaching £20 billion per annum by 2024/25, which it believes will help the R&D sector plan ahead and overcome fiscal challenges from Covid.
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114
Conclusion
Accepted
Professor Chris Pearce, University of Glasgow, told us that medical research charities are having to...
Conclusion
Professor Chris Pearce, University of Glasgow, told us that medical research charities are having to scale back because of a loss of donations due to the pandemic, and that this will lead to a “significant drop in charity funding for …
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Government Response Summary
The government responds by committing to a significant uplift in public R&D spending, reaching £20 billion per annum by 2024/25, which aims to provide a long-term and stable solution for research funding, reducing reliance on charity donations impacted by the pandemic.
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115
Conclusion
Accepted
The UK Government published its Research and Development Roadmap260 in July
Conclusion
The UK Government published its Research and Development Roadmap260 in July
Government Response Summary
The government acknowledged the R&D Roadmap, detailing its commitment through the 2021 Spending Review to significantly increase public R&D funding to £20 billion by 2024/25 and £22 billion by 2026/27, affirming its plan to make the UK a science and technology superpower.
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116
Conclusion
Accepted
The Roadmap was warmly welcomed by those who gave evidence to us.
Conclusion
The Roadmap was warmly welcomed by those who gave evidence to us. Professor Chris Pearce,263 Professor Rebecca Lunn,264 and Professor James Conroy265 particularly welcomed the dual commitment of increasing money in real terms and of reaching 2.4% of GDP spent …
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Government Response Summary
The government affirmed its commitment to making the UK a global science and technology superpower by increasing R&D funding to £20 billion by 2024/25 and providing for ODA funding to return to 0.7% of GNI by 2024/25 when fiscal conditions allow.
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118
Conclusion
Accepted
The decision to reduce UK ODA spend from 0.7% to 0.5% of GNI, and the...
Conclusion
The decision to reduce UK ODA spend from 0.7% to 0.5% of GNI, and the implications this has for the financing of UK academic research, has been criticised by the higher education sector, especially in Scotland, with Universities Scotland saying: …
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Government Response Summary
The government outlined its commitment to increase R&D funding to £20 billion by 2024/25 and noted a provision to return ODA funding to 0.7% of GNI by 2024/25 if fiscal conditions permit. It also confirmed increasing R&D ODA spend to £1bn per annum by 2024/25.
Scotland Office
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120
Recommendation
Accepted
The UK Government should be praised for its UK Research and Development Roadmap, especially the...
Recommendation
The UK Government should be praised for its UK Research and Development Roadmap, especially the commitment to reach 2.4% of GDP spend in this area, which has been extensively welcomed by academic institutions in Scotland. The UK Government should ensure …
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Government Response Summary
The government has increased public R&D spending to £20 billion per annum by 2024/25, demonstrating commitment to the R&D Roadmap, and is increasing R&D ODA spend to £1bn per annum by 2024/25, while planning to return total ODA to 0.7% when fiscal conditions allow.
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121
Conclusion
Accepted
UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for...
Conclusion
UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS).272 Its main purpose is to “invest in and facilitate research and innovation activities across the United Kingdom, and, through …
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Government Response Summary
The government acknowledged the description of UKRI by detailing its commitment through the 2021 Spending Review to significantly increase public R&D funding to £20 billion by 2024/25 and £22 billion by 2026/27, aligning with the R&D Roadmap and Innovation Strategy.
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123
Conclusion
Accepted
On the subject of regional disparities in UKRI funding, Iain Stewart MP said to us...
Conclusion
On the subject of regional disparities in UKRI funding, Iain Stewart MP said to us “I don’t think there is a problem there to be solved. I don’t think we should get into the position of allocating money purely on …
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Government Response Summary
The government's response highlights existing UKRI mechanisms and plans to ensure understanding of the diverse R&D landscape across the UK, including legal requirements for board appointments, regular engagement with devolved administrations, and holding meetings outside London.
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125
Conclusion
Accepted
UKRI’s Framework Document says that “BEIS will regularly engage with the devolved administrations on UKRI’s...
Conclusion
UKRI’s Framework Document says that “BEIS will regularly engage with the devolved administrations on UKRI’s priorities, including with respect to how UKRI and the devolved funding bodies can most effectively work together to support the UK’s research and innovation base”, …
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Government Response Summary
The government states that UKRI Board appointments consider research conditions in devolved nations and that UKRI engages regularly with Devolved Administrations and their bodies to understand the R&D landscape, while clarifying Research England's essential integration within UKRI's corporate structure.
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126
Conclusion
Accepted
Professor James Conroy, University of Glasgow, thought the Scottish Funding Council (SFC) was an “afterthought”...
Conclusion
Professor James Conroy, University of Glasgow, thought the Scottish Funding Council (SFC) was an “afterthought” in deliberations about how UK-wide funding is delivered.296 In his view: We need to have much more robust engagement between SFC and the English bodies, …
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Government Response Summary
The government asserts that UKRI operates with an effective understanding of the UK R&D landscape through regular engagement and collaboration with Devolved Administrations and their delivery bodies, and considers devolved nations' research conditions for board appointments.
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127
Conclusion
Accepted
Alastair Sim, Universities Scotland, told us that Scotland’s voice within UKRI was “still something that...
Conclusion
Alastair Sim, Universities Scotland, told us that Scotland’s voice within UKRI was “still something that needs vigilance”.298 He was keen to see a “strong Scottish research voice on the board of UKRI” in succession to Sir Ian Diamond from the …
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Government Response Summary
The government maintains that UKRI Board appointments are merit-based, but legal requirements ensure consideration of research conditions in devolved nations, and UKRI engages regularly with DAs. It also clarifies that Research England's integration into UKRI is essential for corporate operations and accountability.
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128
Conclusion
Accepted
Providing the perspective of the UK Government, Minister Stewart told us he did “not think...
Conclusion
Providing the perspective of the UK Government, Minister Stewart told us he did “not think there was a problem to be solved” as there was already “strong representation of Scottish interests” within UKRI.301 Supporting this, Rebecca Hackett, Office of the …
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Government Response Summary
The government asserts that UKRI Board appointments are made on individual merit, not regional representation, but that legal requirements ensure consideration of devolved nations' research conditions for a balanced Board, and UKRI engages regularly with Devolved Administrations.
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132
Conclusion
Accepted
Horizon Europe is the EU’s €100 billion research and innovation programme that succeeds Horizon 2020...
Conclusion
Horizon Europe is the EU’s €100 billion research and innovation programme that succeeds Horizon 2020 and runs from 2021 to 2027. The programme aims to strengthen European science and technology research, boost innovation capacity, competitiveness and jobs, and deliver on …
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Government Response Summary
The government confirms it has already agreed to associate with Horizon Europe through the Trade and Cooperation Agreement, specifying the terms of participation and financial arrangements, and notes ongoing delays in formalisation by the EU.
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133
Conclusion
Accepted
The EU-UK Trade and Corporation Agreement, struck on 24 December 2020, confirms that—unlike Erasmus+—the UK...
Conclusion
The EU-UK Trade and Corporation Agreement, struck on 24 December 2020, confirms that—unlike Erasmus+—the UK would continue to participate in Horizon Europe following the end of the Transition Period. This decision was widely praised by the science and research sectors312 …
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Government Response Summary
The government confirms its agreement to associate with Horizon Europe through the Trade and Cooperation Agreement, reiterating the terms of participation and financial safeguards, despite persistent delays from the EU in formalising the arrangement.
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135
Conclusion
Accepted
The US has previously had concerns over potential involvement in Horizon Europe.
Conclusion
The US has previously had concerns over potential involvement in Horizon Europe. Constance Arvis, Director for Science and Technology Cooperation, US State Department, said in February 2020 that association in Horizon Europe would allow the European Commission to exclude associated …
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Government Response Summary
The government has already agreed to associate with Horizon Europe under terms that ensure UK researchers' access and financial contributions are fair, with provisions to not pay for excluded parts of the program, addressing the US's previous concerns.
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136
Conclusion
Accepted
When we asked Minister Lochhead how much of a risk there was that the UK,...
Conclusion
When we asked Minister Lochhead how much of a risk there was that the UK, and therefore Scotland, will lose influence over Horizon and benefit from its contributions going forward, he told us that was “a real concern that has …
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Government Response Summary
The government reaffirmed its agreement to associate with Horizon Europe, noting persistent delays from the EU but confirming UK eligibility to apply for funding on equivalent terms to EU Member States. It also outlined plans for alternative UK schemes in the event that association is not possible.
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137
Conclusion
Accepted
Minister Stewart did not think the UK or Scotland would be disadvantaged as an associate...
Conclusion
Minister Stewart did not think the UK or Scotland would be disadvantaged as an associate member of Horizon Europe.322 Expanding on this further, Rebecca Hackett, Office of the Secretary of State for Scotland, informed us that: [ … ] there …
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Government Response Summary
The government confirmed its agreement to associate with Horizon Europe, reiterating its readiness to formalise participation despite delays from the EU, and detailed the benefits and terms for UK researchers. It also outlined plans for alternative UK schemes if association is not possible.
Scotland Office
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138
Recommendation
Accepted
The Horizon programme has been, and will continue to be, vital to Scottish academic research.
Recommendation
The Horizon programme has been, and will continue to be, vital to Scottish academic research. It aids Scotland’s universities in their quest to tackle the biggest global challenges. We praise the UK Government for ensuring the UK’s continued participation; it …
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Government Response Summary
The government confirms its agreement to associate with Horizon Europe, stating the terms ensure fair financial contribution and equivalent participation for UK applicants, and has a contingency plan if association is not formalised.
Scotland Office
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143
Conclusion
Accepted
Minister Lochhead also said that—following Brexit—Scottish researchers and academics are “worried” about “the hostile immigration...
Conclusion
Minister Lochhead also said that—following Brexit—Scottish researchers and academics are “worried” about “the hostile immigration policy and what that means in terms of Scotland being seen as an open and welcoming country”.335 Professor James Conroy, University of Glasgow, made the …
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Government Response Summary
The government highlights its new global, points-based immigration system, including the Graduate route, and the Office for Talent, asserting these policies already ensure the UK welcomes international talent and is competitive.
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144
Conclusion
Accepted
In terms of ensuring that the UK remains an attractive place to work in for...
Conclusion
In terms of ensuring that the UK remains an attractive place to work in for international academics, Iain Stewart MP, Minister for Scotland, highlighted to us that the Government is working on an International Education Strategy, headed up by Sir …
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Government Response Summary
The government highlights its new points-based immigration system, including the Graduate route, which aims to attract international talent and is committed to increasing international student numbers to 600,000 by 2030. It also notes the establishment of the Office for Talent to further improve the UK's talent offer and visa reforms.
Scotland Office
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149
Recommendation
Accepted
Professor Katherine Smith, University of Strathclyde, told us that—despite the fact that most EU nationals...
Recommendation
Professor Katherine Smith, University of Strathclyde, told us that—despite the fact that most EU nationals are allowed to continue working in the UK—she was “really clear from conversations with colleagues working in Scotland, who were born in other European countries, …
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Government Response Summary
The government stated it has extensively promoted its new immigration system, including the Graduate route, to send a clear message that the UK welcomes international talent. It has also established the Office for Talent to improve the approach to attracting global talent and strengthen the UK's talent offer.
Scotland Office
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151
Recommendation
Accepted
Academic institutions in Scotland depend on partnerships and connections with institutions across the EU.
Recommendation
Academic institutions in Scotland depend on partnerships and connections with institutions across the EU. That includes academics who come from the EU to work in Scotland, who often specialise in highly technical areas which can be difficult to recruit from …
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Government Response Summary
The government accepted the recommendation, outlining actions such as launching the new global, points-based immigration system (including the Graduate route), extensively promoting these routes, committing to increasing international student numbers, and establishing the Office for Talent to further improve the UK's talent offer.
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