Clause 57 of the Bill also has retrospective effect. It “establishes retrospective power for the charging of fees for services related to the comparability, recognition or assessment of qualifications obtained outside and within the United Kingdom”.176 Such fees have been charged by the Government without any statutory basis.177 This clause seeks to retrospectively provide a legal basis for those charges. But for clause 51, people who had paid the fees would have a claim in restitution to recover the amount unlawfully charged.