Bichard Inquiry

Completed
Chair Sir Michael Bichard Civil servant
Established 13 Jan 2004
Final Report 22 Jun 2004
Commissioned by Home Office

The Bichard Inquiry examined the circumstances surrounding the Soham murders of Jessica Chapman and Holly Wells in 2002, focusing on the effectiveness of intelligence-based record keeping by Humberside Police and Cambridgeshire Constabulary, and vetting practices for those working with children. The Inquiry made 31 recommendations, leading to major reforms including the creation of the Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) and the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006.

Evidence & Impact
The Bichard Inquiry was established following the murders of Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman in Soham in 2002. The inquiry examined child protection procedures, police intelligence systems, and vetting practices. Sir Michael Bichard made 31 recommendations focusing on police information management, vetting procedures, and safeguarding practices.

The government accepted all 31 recommendations on the day of publication in June 2004. The Home Secretary stated the government would "act on them immediately." By February 2007, progress updates indicated that 21 of the 31 recommendations had been addressed.

Key legislative changes followed. The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 established the Independent Safeguarding Authority, later merged with the Criminal Records Bureau to form the Disclosure and Barring Service through the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012. However, the universal registration scheme envisioned in recommendation 19 was explicitly scaled back as disproportionate.

The Police National Database launched in 2011, achieving the cross-force intelligence sharing Bichard recommended. The Management of Police Information Code of Practice was published in 2005 with accompanying guidance. HMICFRS inspections now monitor compliance with information management standards.

Safeguarding practices in schools saw substantial changes. Safer recruitment training became embedded in statutory guidance, with requirements for trained panel members on interview panels. Ofsted incorporated recruitment practice reviews into inspection frameworks.

The evidence shows continuing evolution of systems established following Bichard. The PND requires replacement due to obsolete technology, with a £639 million transformation programme approved in 2024. The DBS completed its 2020-2025 strategy introducing digital identity verification.

While most recommendations generated documented changes to legislation, guidance or systems, limited evidence exists regarding the review of police IT procurement practices recommended to ensure national solutions for national problems.
Reforms Attributed to This Inquiry
- Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 established the Independent Safeguarding Authority (later merged into the Disclosure and Barring Service through the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012)
- Police National Database (PND) launched in 2011, enabling cross-force intelligence sharing
- Management of Police Information (MOPI) Code of Practice published in 2005 with accompanying ACPO Guidance in 2006
- Enhanced Disclosure regime extended to all posts involving work with children and vulnerable adults
- Safer recruitment training for headteachers and school governors embedded in statutory guidance (Keeping Children Safe in Education)
- Requirement for trained panel members on school interview panels incorporated into statutory guidance
- Working Together to Safeguard Children revised to require police notification when criminal offences against children are committed or suspected
- Integrated Children's System implemented across England, including recording of non-referral decisions
- Digital identity verification for DBS checks introduced using UK passports
- Transfer of court results inputting to PNC completed through HMCTS reforms
Reforms Reversed or Weakened
- Universal registration scheme for all working with children or vulnerable adults (R19) scaled back by Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 as disproportionate, retaining only enhanced checking system
Unfinished Business
- No specific evidence of formal review of police IT procurement to ensure national solutions for national problems (R3)
AI-generated narrative. Generated 26 Mar 2026 using claude-opus-4. Assessment is indicative, not authoritative.
Key Legislation
Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 PRIMARY
Established the Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA) to vet individuals working with children and vulnerable adults.
Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 (DBS)
Merged the ISA with the Criminal Records Bureau to form the Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS).
Implementation Reviewed By
HMIC (Bichard Inquiry Recommendations Progress Report) (Jun 2008)
Final progress report on implementation of all 31 recommendations. Concluded that substantial progress had been made, particularly on the new vetting and barring scheme and police intelligence-sharing systems, though full implementation of the Police National Database was still pending.
Influence & Connections
Influenced by Laming Inquiry
The Every Child Matters framework introduced after the Laming Inquiry was the policy context within which the Bichard Inquiry's recommendations on child safeguarding were developed.
Influenced by Waterhouse Inquiry
The Waterhouse Inquiry's findings on failures in vetting and the protection of children in institutional care informed the Bichard Inquiry's recommendations on the vetting and barring scheme.
5 months Duration
£3.7m Total Cost
Government Response

Total Recommendations 31
Data last updated: 1 Feb 2025 · Source
Data verified: 26 May 2026 (import)
Blanket response: Government responded with a single statement accepting all 31 recommendations. Individual per-recommendation responses were not published separately.
How to read this

Government Response tracks what the government said it would do (accepted, rejected, etc.).

Full methodology

Title Volume Publication Date Tracked recs Links
The Bichard Inquiry Report Final Report 22 Jun 2004 31
16 Dec 2003
Inquiry Announced
05 Jan 2004
Inquiry Established
22 Jun 2004
Final Report Published

Recommendations (31)

R1
Accepted
National IT system for police intelligence
Recommendation

A national IT system for England and Wales to support police intelligence should be introduced as a matter of urgency. The Home Office should take the lead and report by December 2004 with clear targets for implementation.

Published evidence summary
Government response: Accepted. Last substantive update was January 2024. No recent public evidence of further progress.
Home Office (Primary)
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R2
Accepted
PLX system introduction
Recommendation

The PLX system, which flags that intelligence is held about someone by particular police forces, should be introduced in England and Wales by 2005.

Published evidence summary
Government response: Accepted. Police National Database (PND) launched. No independent verification has been carried out.
Home Office (Primary)
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R3
Accepted
Police IT procurement review
Recommendation

The procurement of IT systems by the police should be reviewed to ensure that, wherever possible, national solutions are delivered to national problems.

Published evidence summary
Government response: Accepted. Last substantive update was February 2007. No recent public evidence of further progress.
Home Office (Primary)
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R4
Accepted
PNC investment
Recommendation

Investment should be made available by Government to secure the PNC's medium and long-term future, given its importance to intelligence-led policing and to the criminal justice system as a whole. I note that PITO has begun this work.

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. PND 1.5 transformation programme approved with £639M benefits case, confirming ongoing government commitment to national police IT infrastructure.
Home Office (Primary)
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R5
Accepted
PNC Code of Practice implementation
Recommendation

The new Code of Practice, made under the Police Reform Act 2002, dealing with the quality and timeliness of PNC data input, should be implemented as soon as possible.

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. ACPO published accompanying Guidance on the MOPI Code of Practice, providing detailed practical guidance for police forces on implementing the national standards..
Home Office (Primary)
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R6
Accepted
PNC data quality inspection
Recommendation

The quality and timeliness of PNC data input should be routinely inspected as part of the Policing Performance Assessment Framework (PPAF) and the Baseline Assessments, which are being developed by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC).

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. HMIC 'Building the Picture' inspection examined police information management practices across 14 forces.
HMICFRS (Primary) HM Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (Primary)
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R7
Accepted
Court results PNC transfer
Recommendation

The transfer of responsibility for inputting court results onto the PNC should be reaffirmed by the Court Service and the Home Office and, if possible, accelerated ahead of the 2006 target. At the least, that deadline must be met.

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. Transfer of responsibility for inputting court results onto the PNC substantially completed through HMCTS reforms.
Home Office (Primary)
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R8
Accepted
Information management Code of Practice
Recommendation
A Code of Practice should be produced covering record creation, review, retention, deletion and information sharing. This should be made under the Police Reform Act 2002 and needs to be clear, concise and practical. It should supersede existing guidance. Read more
Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. MOPI Code of Practice published July 2005, directly implementing the requirement for a clear, concise and practical code covering record creation, review, retention, deletion and information sharing..
Home Office (Primary)
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R9
Accepted
Key principles of information management
Recommendation

The Code of Practice must clearly set out the key principles of good information management (capture, review, retention, deletion and sharing), having regard to policing purposes, the rights of the individual and the law.

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. ACPO Guidance (2006) on the MOPI Code provided detailed implementation guidance on the key principles of information management..
Home Office (Primary)
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R10
Accepted
Information management standards
Recommendation
The Code of Practice must set out the standards to be met in terms of systems (including IT), accountability, training, resources and audit. These standards should be capable of being monitored both within police forces and by HMIC and should … Read more
Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. HMIC 'Building the Picture' inspection (2015) specifically examined compliance with information management standards across 14 forces.
Home Office (Primary)
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R11
Accepted
Sexual offences intelligence retention
Recommendation

The Code of Practice should have particular regard to the factors to be considered when reviewing the retention or deletion of intelligence in cases of sexual offences.

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. MOPI Code of Practice (2005) specifically addressed retention and deletion of intelligence in cases of sexual offences.
Home Office (Primary)
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R12
Accepted
Police notification of child offences
Recommendation
The Government should reaffirm the guidance in Working Together to Safeguard Children so that the police are notified as soon as possible when a criminal offence has been committed, or is suspected of having been committed, against a child – … Read more
Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. Working Together to Safeguard Children revised to set out the requirement for police notification when a criminal offence has been committed or is suspected against a child.
DfES (Primary)
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R13
Accepted
Criteria for police notification
Recommendation
National guidance should be produced to inform the decision as to whether or not to notify the police. This guidance could usefully draw upon the criteria included in a local protocol being developed by Sheffield Social Services and brought to … Read more
Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. National guidance on criteria for police notification produced as part of the Working Together framework and associated multi-agency safeguarding guidance.
DfES (Primary)
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R14
Accepted
Recording non-referral decisions
Recommendation

The Integrated Children's System should record those cases where a decision is taken not to refer to the police.

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. Integrated Children's System (ICS) implemented across England, including recording of non-referral decisions.
DfES (Primary)
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R15
Accepted
Inspection of non-referral decisions
Recommendation

The Commission for Social Care Inspection should, as part of any social services inspection, review whether decisions not to inform the police have been properly taken.

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI) incorporated review of non-referral decisions into social services inspections.
DfES (Primary)
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R16
Accepted
Interview training for headteachers
Recommendation

Head teachers and school governors should receive training on how to ensure that interviews to appoint staff reflect the importance of safeguarding children.

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. Safer recruitment training for headteachers and school governors implemented through the DfE's Safer Recruitment initiative.
DfES (Primary)
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R17
Accepted
Trained panel member requirement
Recommendation

From a date to be agreed, no interview panel to appoint staff working in schools should be convened without at least one member being properly trained.

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. Requirement for at least one trained panel member on school interview panels implemented.
DfES (Primary)
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R18
Accepted
Inspection of school recruitment
Recommendation

The relevant inspection bodies should, as part of their inspection, review the existence and effectiveness of a school's selection and recruitment arrangements.

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. Ofsted incorporated review of school selection and recruitment arrangements into its inspection framework.
DfES (Primary)
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R19
Accepted
Registration scheme for working with children
Recommendation
New arrangements should be introduced requiring those who wish to work with children, or vulnerable adults, to be registered. This register – perhaps supported by a card or licence – would confirm that there is no known reason why an … Read more
Published evidence summary
Government response: Accepted. Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 received Royal Assent. No independent verification has been carried out.
DfES (Primary)
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R20
Accepted
Standards for police vetting checks
Recommendation
HMIC should develop, with ACPO and the CRB, the standards to be observed by police forces in carrying out vetting checks. These should cover the intelligence databases to be searched, the robustness of procedures, guidance, training, supervision and audit. Read more
Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. DBS introduced digital identity verification using UK passports.
HMICFRS (Primary) HM Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (Primary)
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R21
Accepted
Enhanced Disclosure for school staff
Recommendation

All posts, including those in schools, that involve working with children, and vulnerable adults, should be subject to the Enhanced Disclosure regime.

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 received Royal Assent.
Home Office (Primary)
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R22
Accepted
Identity checking responsibilities
Recommendation

The Registered Bodies' precise responsibilities for checking identities need to be clarified urgently.

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. DBS introduced digital identity verification using UK passports, clarifying Registered Bodies' responsibilities for checking identities..
Home Office (Primary)
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R23
Accepted
Database access for identity verification
Recommendation

Registered Bodies, or the CRB, should be able to check passports and driving licences presented as proof of identity against the Passport Service and Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) databases.

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. DBS introduced digital identity verification using UK passports, confirming ability to check identity documents against official databases like the Passport Service..
Home Office (Primary)
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R24
Accepted
Photograph requirement for identity documents
Recommendation

There should be an expectation that documents produced to confirm identity should, wherever possible, include a photograph.

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. DBS introduced digital identity verification using UK passports, aligning with the expectation that identity documents should include a photograph..
Home Office (Primary)
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R25
Accepted
Fingerprints for identity verification
Recommendation

Fingerprints should be used as a means of verifying identity.

Published evidence summary
Government response: Accepted. Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 received Royal Assent. No independent verification has been carried out.
Home Office (Primary)
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R26
Accepted
Address verification guidance
Recommendation

Guidance should be issued to Registered Bodies on how to verify that applicants have given a full and accurate account of their current and past addresses.

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. DBS completing its 2020-2025 strategy with automation of Standard and Enhanced checks, including robust address verification procedures..
Home Office (Primary)
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R27
Accepted
Information verification confirmation
Recommendation

Registered Bodies should be required to confirm that they have checked the information on the 'Police Check Form' in accordance with CRB guidance.

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 received Royal Assent.
Home Office (Primary)
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R28
Accepted
Broader consent on Police Check Form
Recommendation

The consents that applicants currently give on the 'Police Check Form' should be sufficiently broad to enable the requisite checks to be undertaken.

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 received Royal Assent.
Home Office (Primary)
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R29
Accepted
Incomplete applications returned to Registered Body
Recommendation

Incomplete or withdrawn applications should in future be returned to the Registered Body, and not to the applicant.

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 received Royal Assent.
Home Office (Primary)
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R30
Accepted
Overseas applicant checking
Recommendation

Proposals should be brought forward as soon as possible to improve the checking of people from overseas who want to work with children and vulnerable adults.

Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 received Royal Assent.
Home Office (Primary)
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R31
Accepted
Additional database access for CRB
Recommendation
As a priority, legislation should be brought forward to enable the CRB to access the following additional databases for the purpose of vetting: Her Majesty's Customs & Excise; National Criminal Intelligence Service; National Crime Squad; British Transport Police; and the … Read more
Published evidence summary
Government reports this recommendation as delivered. Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 received Royal Assent.
Home Office (Primary)
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