Child Death

PFD Category
Reports: 443 Areas: 65 Earliest: Jan 2015 Latest: 26 Mar 2026

79% response rate (above 63% average). 38% of classified responses show concrete action taken. Reports fell 2% from 57 (2023) to 56 (2024).

PFD Reports
294 results
Jennifer Chalkley
All Responded
2024-0542 14 Oct 2024 Surrey
Department for Education Surrey County Council
Concerns summary (AI summary) A widespread misconception among schools that £6,000 must be spent on a child's SEN before an EHCP assessment application is delaying critical early support, increasing the risk of mental health issues and suicidality.
Noted (AI summary) Surrey County Council is preparing a communication to all Surrey education providers to clarify that there is no financial threshold for requesting an EHCNA, reinforcing the statutory position under the Children and Families Act 2014. The Department for Education acknowledges the concerns, highlights existing guidance on safeguarding and EHCPs, and notes ongoing monitoring of Surrey County Council's SEND arrangements, keeping the safeguarding guidance under review.
Sunnah Khan and Joseph Abbess
All Responded
2024-0538 10 Oct 2024 Dorset
Department for Education
Action Planned (AI summary) The Department for Education will consider how best to complement swimming and water safety lessons already delivered through the PE curriculum, to ensure that all pupils are taught about water safety, including the water safety code. The Department will also commit to supporting the 2025 RLSS UK's annual Drowning Prevention Week.
Robin van Caliskan
All Responded
2024-0505 19 Sep 2024 Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly
Atlantic Reach Limited
Concerns summary (AI summary) A company's risk assessment dismissed lifeguards as impractical, yet a safety officer found compliance borderline and noted other similar venues employed them. Concerns exist that lessons about pool safety and the necessity of lifeguards have not been learned.
Action Taken (AI summary) While concluding that providing lifeguard supervision is not reasonably practicable at this time, the company has made clear on swimming pool timetables that lifeguards are not provided, created a Swim Safe page on their website with pool safety information, updated their training programme for leisure staff, and installed a dedicated swimming pool first aid kit in the Leisure reception area.
Evelyn March
All Responded
2024-0504 19 Sep 2024 West Yorkshire (East)
Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
Concerns summary (AI summary) An exhausted mother was discharged too soon, only 4 hours post-delivery after a prolonged labour, leading to the baby's death when she fell asleep during breastfeeding. This raises concerns about the timing of postpartum discharges.
Noted (AI summary) The Trust acknowledges the concerns raised and states that postnatal care was carried out within national guidance. They note that postnatal maternity wards are not conducive to rest and recuperation and that most mothers prefer to return home.
Felix Hartley
All Responded
2024-0475 30 Aug 2024 West Sussex
British Association of Perinatal Medici… NHS England University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundat…
Concerns summary (AI summary) Neonatology Consultants are not immediately on-site overnight or weekends at two distant hospitals, and variable response times due to travel constraints pose a risk in emergencies.
Noted (AI summary) NHS England outlines national standards for neonatal critical care units, references BAPM standards, notes NHS Trusts exercise their own policies for on-call response times, and states that University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust and Sussex Health and Care Integrated Care Board have been engaged on the concerns raised in the report. The British Association of Perinatal Medicine (BAPM) will send out a safety alert to its members and stakeholders drawing attention to recommendations about consultant cover for neonatal units. University Hospitals Sussex acknowledges that current on-call arrangements do not meet BAPM standards and is exploring options for a separate Neonatal Consultant on-call rota for the Princess Royal Hospital. They are approaching the Integrated Care Board (ICB) to consider externally reviewing current arrangements.
Alfie Tollett
All Responded
2024-0471 27 Aug 2024 Devon, Plymouth and Torbay
Jaguar Land Rover
Concerns summary (AI summary) The car's gear selection design, lacking an intermediary step beyond a button press, contributed to driver error, raising concerns about vehicle safety features.
Disputed (AI summary) Jaguar Land Rover reviewed the incident data and concluded that the Jaguar I-Pace gear transmission control unit and alert strategy meet all legal requirements for vehicle safety and no changes are required.
Hannah Jacobs
All Responded
2024-0464 20 Aug 2024 East London
British Society for Allergy and Clinica… General Dental Council NHS England +3 more
Concerns summary (AI summary) Dental staff failed to recognise anaphylaxis symptoms, and allergy plans gave false reassurance for mild reactions. Education is needed on identifying anaphylaxis and using adrenaline auto-injectors if in doubt.
Noted (AI summary) NHS England is reviewing its communications approach to alerting GP practices about medicine shortages and the Pharmacy and Medicines Optimisation Team is reviewing the use of AAIs and their supply. All reports received are discussed by the Regulation 28 Working Group. BSACI is developing an online allergy education platform for healthcare professionals and others, covering anaphylaxis recognition and management. The BSACI allergy action plans include difficulty swallowing as a manifestation of anaphylaxis and state "if in doubt, give adrenaline." The RCP will work with other colleges and societies to agree and support standards of care and education related to allergy, including updating standards for allergy accreditation and promoting multidisciplinary care. As a member of the EAGA, the RCP is working on the development of the UK National Allergy Strategy. The GDC will write to NICE to suggest they review anaphylaxis symptoms and guidance for dental professionals, and will consider changes to CPD requirements regarding medical emergencies as part of a review concluding in 2025. The GPhC acknowledges supply issues with adrenaline autoinjectors and highlights existing standards for pharmacy professionals, signposting other resources for safe AAI use and directing medicine supply inquiries to the DHSC. They offer a meeting with Hannah's family. The RCPCH will share information from the report with its members via a patient safety portal and for discussion with the Clinical Quality in Practice Committee, where further actions may be identified.
Daniel Klosi
All Responded
2024-0462 16 Aug 2024 Inner North London
Royal College of Emergency Medicine Royal College of Paediatrics and Child … Royal Free Hospital
Concerns summary (AI summary) A distressed neurodiverse child did not receive full observations for over four hours in a busy emergency department, leading to a catastrophic cardiovascular compromise and highlighting challenges in assessing such patients.
Noted (AI summary) The RCEM expresses condolences and refers to existing guidance for re-attendance, paediatric emergency care standards, educational material on Group A Streptococcus, a Learning Disabilities toolkit, and the Oliver McGowan training programme. They state that questions about electronic patient records are best directed to NHS England. The RCPCH will share information and suggestions for local improvement from the coroner's report with its members via its patient safety portal and will discuss the report with the RCPCH Clinical Quality in Practice Committee to identify further actions. The Royal Free London Hospital has provided training on deteriorating conditions in children, including the use of the Paediatric Early Warning Score and sepsis identification tools, and has re-familiarised staff with the SBAR communication tool. A nurse champion has been appointed to lead training and audits and a pathway has been implemented to ensure reattendees are seen by the next available doctor.
Malika Hibu
All Responded
2024-0432 7 Aug 2024 Inner North London
Islington Borough Council Mayor of London Ministry of Housing, Communities and Lo… +1 more
Concerns summary (AI summary) Peabody Housing Association failed to address an unsafe canal barrier, demonstrating a lack of boundary knowledge, neglected risk assessments, ignored resident complaints, and inaction on known safety hazards.
Action Planned (AI summary) Peabody has implemented emergency temporary fencing and developed proposals for permanent safety railings at the canal edge, while working with the London Borough of Islington and CRT/CIC for required approvals. They have also strengthened internal policies and procedures relating to resident safety and reporting concerns. Islington Council is working with Peabody on a planning application for safety fencing around the canal side area of the Crest Buildings development. Urban design lessons from this incident have been shared with Development Management Officers, and a planning application for another canal side residential development includes fencing. The Mayor of London will consider the concerns raised in the PFD report through his review of the London Plan, with public consultation planned for the second half of 2025 and adoption of the revised Plan in 2027. Any changes made to the NPPF by the government will also be considered. The government published an updated NPPF on 12 December 2024 that includes additional policy to consider the safety of children and other vulnerable users in proximity to open water, railways and other potential hazards.
Regan Smith
All Responded
2024-0479 24 Jul 2024 Suffolk
Department of Health and Social Care
Concerns summary (AI summary) An ineffective verbal-only handover, incompatible IT systems, and high A&E acuity caused critical clinical information to be missed. A lack of national handover protocols for emergency departments exacerbated this risk.
Action Planned (AI summary) The Department of Health and Social Care acknowledge issues with handover of test results and emergency department pressures. They state that an ambulance data set is currently being rolled out across England to link patient data, and that the NHS is taking action to improve urgent and emergency care performance.
Brogen-Lea Storey
All Responded
2024-0404 24 Jul 2024 Staffordshire and Stoke on Trent
Road Safety Management Staffordshire Co…
Concerns summary (AI summary) A busy road intersecting a well-used pedestrian track lacks adequate warnings for both drivers and pedestrians, and there are no measures to prevent pedestrians walking into traffic or to allow safe crossing.
Action Planned (AI summary) Staffordshire County Council is considering cutting back vegetation, installing additional road signs and markings, installing a gate/barrier at the footway, and a possible speed limit reduction to mitigate pedestrian incidents on Eastern Way. They will prioritise solutions alongside their annual road safety programme.
Theo Bradley
All Responded
2024-0392 22 Jul 2024 Nottinghamshire
Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundatio…
Concerns summary (AI summary) A culture within midwifery led to delayed action and an assumption of benign causes for antepartum haemorrhage (APH), with established guidance not followed, representing a regional and potentially national concern.
Action Taken (AI summary) Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Trust has revised the Antepartum Haemorrhage Guideline and implemented LIMS (Learning in Maternity Services) training, focusing on reacting to blood loss and causes of antepartum haemorrhage. The Trust has updated its Antepartum Haemorrhage (APH) guideline, introduced mandatory training, and implemented escalation processes. Wider cultural work has also been undertaken by the Perinatal Quad.
Ryleigh Hillcoat-Bee
All Responded
2024-0371 12 Jul 2024 Blackpool & Fylde
Department of Health and Social Care
Concerns summary (AI summary) A critical lack of awareness among general paediatricians regarding rhabdomyolysis, a rare but serious condition in young children, risks missed diagnoses and fatal outcomes.
Action Planned (AI summary) The Department of Health and Social Care acknowledges concerns about rhabdomyolysis and LIPIN-1 deficiency. The GEP is utilizing frameworks and educator toolkits to deliver education and training and raise awareness of rare diseases to the wider workforce. The GEP will contribute by working with the Department and in collaboration with Medics for Rare Diseases (M4RD) on a number of solutions.
Arlo Lambert
All Responded
2024-0351 2 Jul 2024 Nottingham City and Nottinghamshire
Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundatio…
Concerns summary (AI summary) The Antepartum Haemorrhage guideline lacked urgency regarding potential sinister causes and occult bleeding. The Trust also failed to capture early reflective staff accounts, impeding effective safety improvements.
Action Taken (AI summary) The Trust updated its Antepartum Haemorrhage guideline to emphasize the importance of immediate assessment of fetal and maternal condition with any degree of bleeding. They have also developed a phone assessment section within the guideline and are creating a scenario video for training.
Selina Samarina
All Responded
2024-0299 19 Jun 2024 Essex
South Essex NHS Partnership
Concerns summary (AI summary) Despite consolidated rotas, there's an overall insufficiency of doctors in Emergency and Paediatrics Departments, with only 60% staffing, raising concerns about service capacity.
Action Taken (AI summary) The Trust has improved how paediatric shifts are allocated to the Emergency Department and developed governance and management around staffing the Emergency Department.
Sailor Court
All Responded
2024-0434 10 Jun 2024 South London
Department of Health and Social Care NHS England
Concerns summary (AI summary) Unacceptably long and increasing waiting times for CAMHS assessment and treatment, due to a severe lack of resources, pose a significant risk to young people's mental health.
Noted (AI summary) NHS England highlights increased access to CYPMH services, with 758,000 children and young people receiving support in the 12 months to January 2024. They cite a 46% increase in the CYPMH workforce since January 2019 and mention the NHS Long Term Plan's ambition for 100% access to specialist support. They also note discussion of all PFD reports by a working group. The DHSC acknowledges concerns about long waiting times for assessment and treatment in children and young people’s mental health services, and the importance of early intervention and support. They highlight the government's plans to increase mental health staff and improve access to services, and state NHS England will address concerns about the “keeping in touch team”.
Oliver Steeper
All Responded
2024-0290 24 May 2024 Central and South East Kent
Department for Education
Concerns summary (AI summary) Early Years Foundation Stage rules allow only one Paediatric First Aid certified staff member, risking inadequate emergency response. Additionally, the three-year PFA certificate validity means staff may not recall critical details in emergencies.
Action Planned (AI summary) The Department for Education is consulting on changes to the EYFS statutory framework, including a new safer eating section and revisions to PFA requirements. They expect to publish the response to the consultation in autumn this year.
Oliver Barnett
All Responded
2024-0348 8 May 2024 Cheshire
Department of Health and Social Care NHS England
Concerns summary (AI summary) The absence of residential substance misuse treatment facilities for children under 18 in England places them at increased risk of relapse and overdose by requiring parents to manage complex detoxification at home.
Noted (AI summary) NHS England expresses condolences and notes the concerns, but states that treatment for substance misuse is not within their remit. They highlight the Regulation 28 Working Group which shares learnings from preventable deaths across the NHS. The Department acknowledges concerns about residential and detoxification facilities for young people, but states that inpatient detoxification is rare and should be managed by community services with hospital support. They highlight existing funding and support for local authorities to improve drug and alcohol treatment, and will keep service models under review.
Lilly Proctor
All Responded
2024-0237 1 May 2024 West Yorkshire (Eastern)
National Institute for Health and Care … Royal College of Paediatrics and Child …
Concerns summary (AI summary) A lack of child-specific screening tools and NICE guidance for pulmonary thromboembolism in the UK disadvantages clinicians, potentially leading to missed diagnoses and treatment delays in children.
Action Planned (AI summary) NICE will consider the issues raised in the report through its prioritisation board to determine if guidance should be developed in this area; decisions will be published on the NICE website. RCPCH has shared the report with its Emergency Care Committee to inform its review of Emergency Care Standards, will incorporate learnings into relevant courses, and will share information and suggestions for local improvement via its patient safety portal and the RCPCH Clinical Quality in Practice Committee.
Jason Pulman
All Responded
2024-0229 30 Apr 2024 East Sussex
National Referral Support Service NHS England
Concerns summary (AI summary) Delays in specialist gender dysphoria treatment and lack of psychiatric support were exacerbated by unclear referral mechanisms and CAMHS being unaware of new national support offers, risking patient safety.
Action Taken (AI summary) NHS England has adopted a new process for Child Death Overview Panels (CDOPs) to alert NHS England following the death of every child or young person identified with gender distress. Improvements have also been made to the NCMD alert system and reporting form to better identify children and young people with gender distress. The Arden and GEM CSU updated its website in April 2024 to reflect a new supportive offer from NHSE, where all children and young people on the waiting list for CYP gender services are contacted and offered an assessment by their local NHS Mental Health Services.
Orlando Davis
All Responded
2024-0227 26 Apr 2024 West Sussex, Brighton and Hove
Department of Health and Social Care NHS Sussex Integrated Care Board Nursing and Midwifery Council +1 more
Concerns summary (AI summary) Midwives lacked awareness of the risk of hyponatremia in birthing women, leading to inappropriate fluid management, inadequate monitoring, and subsequent severe brain injury to the baby.
Noted (AI summary) The NMC is carrying out Fitness to Practise investigations, has shared the PFD report with the GMC, and will develop and publish a scenario to inform student midwives and midwives about hyponatraemia for the start of the next academic year. NHS Sussex confirms that University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust (UHSx) and East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust (ESHT) have implemented policies regarding fluid management and hyponatraemia in labour, developed and delivered training and education, and are auditing compliance with fluid balance charts. A leaflet has been developed advising mothers about fluid intake in early labour and shared learning about hyponatraemia and fluid balance in labour with the Regional Maternity Team at NHS England in 2022. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists expresses condolences and outlines its role in supporting maternity services through educational initiatives and clinical guidance. It refers to existing NICE guidelines and other resources related to fetal monitoring, intrapartum care, and hyponatremia, and suggests the Royal College of Midwives also be informed. The Department of Health and Social Care highlights the publication of an NHS Resolution report on hyponatremia and notes the rollout of the Brain Injury Reduction Programme across maternity units in England.
Erik Marshall
All Responded
2024-0222 25 Apr 2024 South Yorkshire West
Cheshire and Merseyside Integrated Care…
Concerns summary (AI summary) A significant commissioning gap leaves high-risk 17-year-olds without essential sensory occupational therapy, as child services end at 16 and adult services only accept from 18.
Action Planned (AI summary) The Cheshire and Merseyside ICB intends to commission Occupational Therapy services for children and young people up to the age of 18 years and 364 days, which will be in place from December 2024.
Ash Bannister
All Responded
2024-0219 25 Apr 2024 Leicester City and South Leicestershire
United Children’s Services
Concerns summary (AI summary) Critical safety failures included undocumented removal of ligature risk assessments, poor inter-home communication, and inconsistent "ad hoc" waking night cover lacking clear policy, leading to prolonged unsupervised periods.
Noted (AI summary) The response consists of the organisation's name only.
Tommy Gillman
All Responded
2024-0185 4 Apr 2024 Nottingham City and Nottinghamshire
Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundatio…
Concerns summary (AI summary) Insufficient paediatric nursing staff, inadequate documentation and action planning during handovers, and a non-robust system for recognizing acutely ill babies in ED compromise patient safety.
Action Taken (AI summary) The Trust acknowledges challenges in meeting RCPCH staffing standards due to recruitment difficulties, but has implemented mitigations including a monthly staffing review and a traffic light escalation system. They have designated a specific area within Majors for children needing medical care out of hours, and established a Children and Young People's Working Group.
Meha Carneiro
All Responded
2024-0187 3 Apr 2024 Nottingham City and Nottinghamshire
Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundatio…
Concerns summary (AI summary) Insufficient paediatric nurses, poor recognition of patient severity, inadequate PEWS escalation to senior doctors, and ineffective medical handover documentation compromised care in the Emergency Department.
Action Taken (AI summary) The Trust has taken several actions including updating the Paediatric triage document to require nurses to confirm SBAR verbal handover, implementing structured handover training, instructing staff on accurate record keeping, and implementing a new medical model with a designated doctor overseeing children's care. Compliance with handover documentation is to be monitored via monthly audit.