Emergency services related deaths

PFD Category
Reports: 257 Areas: 59 Earliest: Jan 2016 Latest: 3 Apr 2026

87% response rate (above 63% average). 44% of classified responses show concrete action taken. Reports rose 21% from 38 (2023) to 46 (2024).

PFD Reports
257 results
Charlotte Alderson
All Responded
2025-0307 18 Jun 2025 Suffolk
Department of Health and Social Care
Concerns summary (AI summary) Inconsistent infection scoring systems, a lack of rapid sepsis identification tools, and failures in the 111/999 information handover system risk critical delays and errors in patient care.
Action Planned (AI summary) The Department of Health and Social Care notes the concerns and outlines ongoing research into sepsis diagnostics and management, and states that NHS England will be undertaking a review of existing guidance relating to the use of the FeverPAIN and Centor scoring systems. The manual transfer of information from 111 to 999 mitigates the risk associated with Interoperability toolkit (ITK) system failure.
Valerie Hill
All Responded
2025-0302 13 Jun 2025 South Wales Central
First Minister of Wales
Concerns summary (AI summary) Long-standing, systemic ambulance handover delays in Wales persist at intolerable levels, with risks remaining due to a disconnect between ambulance service rostering expectations and actual hospital capacity.
Noted (AI summary) The First Minister for Wales acknowledges concerns about ambulance patient handover delays at Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board and outlines the Welsh Government's governance and escalation processes for NHS organisations, noting that all health boards are in escalation for urgent and emergency care.
Oscar Keenan
All Responded
2025-0392 12 Jun 2025 Oxfordshire
NHS England South Central Ambulance Service
Concerns summary (AI summary) Inadequate algorithms for assessing ill newborns/infants, particularly for respiratory problems, and over-reliance on these tools lead to delays in obtaining early clinical assessment.
Noted (AI summary) NHS England acknowledges the concerns about the NHS Pathways algorithm and details its function. It highlights existing access to clinical support for health advisors and refers to work by the Regulation 28 Working Group. The practice has amended its process for new baby registrations, including removing the 'unregistered babies' folder and updating the Docman system to allow electronic rejection of incorrectly sent correspondence. The trust has already taken several actions including auditing the call, sharing learning through various channels, and providing training to staff. They have also reviewed and amended the NHS Pathways cardiac arrest algorithms following a previous case. The CQC contacted the provider, Unity Health, who confirmed they reviewed their processes and implemented a new system for creating a new profile when they are notified about a birth. They flagged this issue with the ICB and will be sharing details of this incident with the CQC’s Primary Care inspection teams.
Amy Levy
All Responded
2025-0289 10 Jun 2025 Avon
Avon and Somerset Police College of Policing Surrey Police
Concerns summary (AI summary) Police failed to leave voicemail messages when attempting to contact family members during a critical emergency, potentially delaying location and aid for a critically ill individual.
Action Planned (AI summary) The College of Policing will support national sharing of best practice on voicemail protocols, update the national Contact Management Curriculum to address voicemail guidance in emergencies, and ensure forces align training programs by March 2026. Avon and Somerset Constabulary will introduce a dedicated force policy and procedure for 'suicidal' cases, update the Concern for Welfare policy to mandate leaving voicemails or text messages, and provide training to all communications staff on the updated policies. Surrey Police has updated its procedure to include guidance on leaving voicemails, is incorporating this guidance into training for new recruits and detectives, and will evaluate the effectiveness of the training.
Edward Wilson
All Responded
2025-0281 5 Jun 2025 Cheshire
North West Ambulance Service
Concerns summary (AI summary) Paramedics failed to consider the patient's significant heart failure history when administering salbutamol nebulisers, which directly impacted the outcome by lowering blood pressure.
Disputed (AI summary) NWAS argues that the treatment provided to Mr. Wilson adhered wholly to national guidelines produced by JRCALC, and there were no contraindications to the use of salbutamol despite Mr. Wilson’s medical history.
Brian Garrick
All Responded
2025-0271 30 May 2025 The County of Devon, Plymouth and Torbay
Department of Health and Social Care
Concerns summary (AI summary) Ambulance response times are severely delayed due to prolonged patient handovers at acute hospitals, preventing crews from returning to service.
Action Planned (AI summary) The DHSC acknowledges concerns about ambulance waiting times and handover delays and states that the government is investing an extra £22.6 billion in day-to-day spending in 2025/26 for the NHS and £3.1bn further capital investment over 2 years, aiming to deliver 40,000 extra appointments a week and cut NHS waiting times. NHS England is working with systems to reduce ambulance handover delays, working towards delivering hospital handovers within 15 minutes with joint working arrangements that ensure no handover takes longer than 45 minutes.
Jeanette Sidlow Beech
All Responded
2025-0279 29 May 2025 North Wales (East and Central)
Betsi Cadwaladr University Local Health… Local Authorities within this jurisdict… Welsh Ambulance Service Trust +1 more
Concerns summary (AI summary) Critical ambulance delays, exacerbated by significant hospital handover issues and a lack of social care, lead to patients awaiting discharge, blocking emergency departments and severely jeopardizing lives.
Noted (AI summary) The Welsh Government outlines its role in setting the strategic context for health services and holding NHS organisations accountable, noting that all health boards are in escalation for urgent and emergency care. They mention providing additional funding to Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board and supporting improvement programs, but do not commit to specific changes in response to the report.
Sophie Cotton
All Responded
2025-0246 27 May 2025 Durham and Darlington
Durham Constabulary Officer of the College of Policing
Concerns summary (AI summary) Police applying "Right Care, Right Person" policy refused attendance despite immediate risk and multiple calls, disregarding mental health teams' inability to enter locked premises, and leading to dangerous delays in supervisor reviews.
Noted (AI summary) Durham Constabulary's Deputy Chief Constable states that a full review of the case and police actions was undertaken, with the outcome and actions attached to the response. The Police and Crime Commissioner expressed condolences and noted that a review by Durham Constabulary didn't highlight significant failings but resulted in two points of organisational learning and recommendations. The commissioner will monitor the 'Right Care Right Person' model. The College of Policing has contacted Durham Constabulary, who have reviewed their policies and procedures in line with the College of Policing toolkit and Approved Professional Practice. The concerns raised will also be communicated with all forces within the national tactical delivery Board, where learning can be shared. Durham Constabulary will implement recommendations aligned with the National Toolkit for Right Care, Right Person (RCRP), aiming for full implementation by mid-July 2025. These include a review of police systems for further intelligence, supervisor review, and immediate escalation to the Supervisor on a second call about the same person within a 12 hour period.
Paul Alexander
All Responded
2025-0244 27 May 2025 West Yorkshire West
West Yorkshire Police
Concerns summary (AI summary) Police implemented the "Right Care, Right Person" policy without inter-agency consultation or a clear, agreed protocol for emergency services to respond to mental health welfare concerns, a known recurring issue.
Action Taken (AI summary) West Yorkshire Police has worked with partners to develop an escalation process for RCRP, including briefings, training, and revised policies to improve identification and mitigation of risks related to mental health. The force continues to work with partners to share learning, address gaps, and improve service delivery.
William Armstrong
No Identified Response CC
2025-0257 23 May 2025 Manchester West
Home Office
Concerns summary (AI summary) Home Office guidance for selling reportable poisons fails to adequately advise online sellers on identifying purchases for self-harm, leading vendors to unknowingly facilitate suicides. Additionally, dangerous websites promoting suicide methods and poison sourcing are readily accessible.
James Smith
All Responded
2025-0224 12 May 2025 Cornwall and Isles of Scilly
Department of Health and Social Care
Concerns summary (AI summary) Inadequate social care provision leads to hospital discharge backlogs, causing severe ambulance handover delays and ED crowding, significantly increasing mortality risks for patients needing emergency care.
Action Planned (AI summary) The DHSC acknowledges concerns about ambulance response times, A&E overcrowding, and delayed social care packages. They mention the upcoming 10-Year Health Plan focusing on shifts in care delivery and investments in integrated health and social care services through the Better Care Fund.
John England
All Responded
2025-0221 9 May 2025 Cornwall and Isles of Scilly
NHS England
Concerns summary (AI summary) The ambulance service's dispatch system lacks nuance for specific abdominal complaints, leading to an inappropriately low emergency category and delaying critical care for a potential surgical emergency.
Action Planned (AI summary) NHS England will discuss details of the case with the NHS England AMPDS clinical coding sub-group, in collaboration with PDC, to determine if there are opportunities to improve the assessment and differentiation of abdominal pain presentations within the AMPDS triage system. NHS England has additionally shared the Coroner’s concerns with PDC.
Paul Burke
All Responded
2025-0215 2 May 2025 Hertfordshire
Department of Health and Social Care
Concerns summary (AI summary) Persistent, multi-factorial delays in ambulance response times, coupled with hospital handover issues and system pressures, are causing significant waits for urgent pre-hospital care and pose a risk of future deaths.
Action Planned (AI summary) The government will publish its 10-Year Health Plan which will set out reforms for the NHS and focuse on shifts in the way health services deliver care to reduce ambulance handovers and patients waiting over 12 hours for admission from an emergency department.
Sandra Millard
All Responded
2025-0175 7 Apr 2025 Berkshire
NHS England South Central Ambulance Service
Concerns summary (AI summary) The NHS Pathways triage tool does not consistently prompt additional questions for patients unable to move from any position, potentially missing risks associated with prolonged immobility.
Noted (AI summary) NHS England describes the NHS Pathways triage tool and its capabilities, particularly for patients unable to move. They explain the triage hierarchy, the system's functionality since 2018, and the role of local protocols. They also mention a working group that discusses reports to prevent future deaths. South Central Ambulance Service has created a directive to staff including changes to triage processes, such as ascertaining if the patient is alone, requesting contact information, using a minimum Category 3 response for patients slipping from furniture, documenting patient position, referring cases to a clinician, and ensuring cases are not closed without an appropriate response. The directive was approved and will be issued this month.
Andrew Waters
All Responded
2025-0174 3 Apr 2025 Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly
Department of Health and Social Care
Concerns summary (AI summary) Significant ambulance handover delays, emergency department crowding, and inadequate social care provision are leading to increased mortality risk for patients awaiting emergency treatment and discharge.
Action Planned (AI summary) The DHSC acknowledges concerns around ambulance response times, A&E overcrowding and delayed social care packages. The government plans to publish a 10-Year Health Plan and will set out lessons learned from winter pressures on urgent and emergency care services and improvements for 2025/26.
James Masheter
All Responded
2025-0167 3 Apr 2025 Lancashire and Blackburn with Darwen
NHS Pathways
Concerns summary (AI summary) The NHS Pathways system's limited mental health triage options inadequately assess serious mental health crises, leading to low priority categorisation and significant delays in ambulance response for at-risk patients.
Noted (AI summary) NHS England acknowledges concerns about the use of NHS Pathways to triage mental health situations, notes it has already considered management of callers at risk of suicide, and will keep the clinical content under review. It also notes that the triage system elicited the correct information triggering the approved ambulance response.
Jack Shields
All Responded
2025-0122 4 Mar 2025 Sunderland
Nerams Group
Concerns summary (AI summary) An ambulance crew failed to recognise a patient's critical deterioration into cardiogenic shock and incorrectly prioritised their backup request, resulting in a prolonged delay to definitive medical care.
Action Taken (AI summary) Following an investigation into the death of Jack Matthew Shields, The Nerams Group dismissed one employee for gross negligence and terminated another for unrelated reasons. They refreshed competency assessments and CPD for non-registered healthcare professionals reading 12 lead ECGs and circulated information on available backup categories to all staff.
Lachlan Campbell
All Responded
2025-0115 28 Feb 2025 Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly
Department of Health and Social Care
Concerns summary (AI summary) Critical ambulance response delays, caused by extensive hospital handover times, prevented timely conveyance of a patient to hospital, which an expert stated would have prevented their death.
Action Planned (AI summary) The government acknowledges concerns around emergency service pressures and is working with NHS England to address them, with a focus on ambulance response times and handover delays; the upcoming 10-Year Health Plan will set out radical reforms for the NHS and address these issues.
Lachlan Campbell
All Responded
2025-0114 28 Feb 2025 Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly
Devon and Cornwall Constabulary South Western Ambulance Service NHS Fou…
Concerns summary (AI summary) Poor information sharing between ambulance service and police, including incorrect call status and police not being given ETAs or asked about scene presence, led to significant delays in patient care. The lack of police-to-hospital conveyance options for urgent cases is also a concern.
Action Planned (AI summary) Police officers are being trained to dial 999 from the scene for medical support, and SWAST has implemented a new communication pathway to improve inter-agency information sharing. SWAST is implementing a Timely Handover Process at RCHT to instigate rapid handover if not undertaken within 90 minutes of arrival. Devon & Cornwall Police is participating in a multi-agency group to promote closer working arrangements between emergency services, with meetings scheduled to identify and address specific areas for improvement. The Assistant Chief Constable has reiterated the expectation that sergeants can redeploy police resources in liaison with an inspector and/or the Force Incident Manager.
Jeffrey Tyler
Partially Responded
2025-0092 18 Feb 2025 Gwent
Minister for Health (Wales) Welsh Parliament
Concerns summary (AI summary) Ambulance call handlers failed to clinically override the dispatch system's categorization, maintaining a low priority despite clear evidence of the patient's severe, deteriorating, and unmonitored condition.
Action Planned (AI summary) The Welsh Government outlines plans to introduce new ambulance call categories and a rapid clinical screening process by senior paramedics or nurses. A national group of clinical and operational leads is being established to review measures for conditions currently in the 'amber' category.
Diana Fairweather-Purkis
All Responded
2025-0091 17 Feb 2025 Teesside and Hartlepool
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH NHS ENGLAND NHS NORTH EAST AND NORTH CUMBRIA INTEGR…
Concerns summary (AI summary) Insufficient ambulance availability leads to delayed patient attendance, exacerbated by excessive handover delays at hospitals, hindering ambulance crew release and further impacting response times.
Action Planned (AI summary) NHS England describes investments in ambulance services, establishment of an Integrated Urgent Care Clinical Assessment Service, system-wide programs to improve ambulance handover and revised policies and procedures to reduce handover delays. The DHSC acknowledges concerns about ambulance pressures and handover delays and outlines government actions, including increased funding for the NHS, a focus on Category 2 response times, and plans for a 10-Year Health Plan and a report on lessons learned from winter pressures. NHS North East and North Cumbria ICB has invested over £40m in ambulance services since 2023/24, including the establishment of an Integrated Urgent Care Clinical Assessment Service, and is participating in a system-wide programme to improve ambulance handover processes.
Wyllow-Raine Swinburn
All Responded
2025-0064 3 Feb 2025 Oxfordshire
South Central Ambulance Service
Concerns summary (AI summary) Significant delays in connecting 999 calls to Emergency Call Takers and subsequent ambulance response times pose a risk, indicating a need for systems improvement in call handling.
Noted (AI summary) South Central Ambulance Service details actions taken since December 2023 including introducing the "Fit for the Future" programme, increasing paramedic apprenticeship numbers, reviewing skill levels of crews, increasing support for newly qualified paramedics, utilising specialist practitioners, implementing a new joint process with healthcare partners regarding ambulance crew wait times at hospitals and updating their fleet of vehicles. BT clarifies its procedures for handling emergency calls, including operator actions, listening practices, and the Critical Call Process, and explains that distress alone is not an agreed trigger for the Critical Control Process.
Nicola Owens
Partially Responded
2025-0053 31 Jan 2025 Liverpool and Wirral
Department of Health and Social Care NHS England & NHS Improvement The Chief Coroner
Concerns summary (AI summary) Persistent ambulance delays are caused by hospital handover backlogs, which stem from a lack of social care packages for discharged patients, severely reducing emergency response capacity.
Action Planned (AI summary) NHS England describes actions being taken to improve ambulance response times, including the implementation of the 'four high intensity changes' and workstreams focused on patient flow. The DHSC acknowledges concerns about ambulance response times and delayed discharges, referencing increased funding and planned reforms including a 10-year health plan, but does not provide details of any immediate actions taken.
Graham Whiteley
All Responded
2025-0063 30 Jan 2025 Somerset
South Western Ambulance Service NHS Fou…
Concerns summary (AI summary) Prolonged ambulance response times are caused by severe hospital handover delays, resulting in significant lost ambulance capacity and ongoing risk to critically ill patients.
Action Taken (AI summary) South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust has implemented a Standard Operating Procedure to address handover delays, which is being reviewed and updated against local agreements. They are involved in senior county-level meetings and have implemented initiatives such as the 'Timely Handover Process' and 'Hear and Treat' approach.
Joanna Kowalczyk
All Responded
2025-0040 22 Jan 2025 Gateshead and South Tyneside
General Chiropractic Council North East Ambulance Service
Concerns summary (AI summary) A paramedic lacked crucial stroke symptom training, and chiropractors do not routinely obtain medical records before assessment, particularly after recent hospital visits, creating significant risks for patients.
Noted (AI summary) The North East Ambulance Service emphasizes existing training and education for paramedics on stroke symptoms, including the possibility of symptoms dissipating, and highlights the strengthening of their Senior Clinical Leadership team. The General Chiropractic Council has established an expert group to review the coroner's findings and recommend actions to prevent similar deaths or harm to patients, with a final report expected by October 2025. The chiropractor states they will continue to follow the rules and guidance issued by their regulator (GCC) and looks forward to receiving any updated guidance from the GCC. The General Chiropractic Council established an Expert Group, comprised of members from within and outside of the profession, to consider the coroner's findings which resulted in an Action Plan with practical solutions for chiropractors to incorporate into their daily practice. The British Chiropractic Association held webinars to refresh the knowledge of their members on the symptoms and treatment of stroke and the Royal College of Chiropractors initiated work to review their emergency referral form.