Effective complaints handling
Methods of registering a comment or complaint must be readily accessible and easily understood. Multiple gateways need to be provided to patients, both during their treatment and after its conclusion, although all such methods should trigger a uniform process, generally led by the provider trust.
- The NHS Constitution (revised 2023) includes the right to have any complaint about NHS services acknowledged within three working days and properly investigated, and the right to discuss the manner in which the complaint is to be handled. It also includes the right to have the complaint dealt with efficiently and investigated properly (NHS Constitution, DHSC, January 2021 with 2023 updates).
- The Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman (PHSO) published the NHS Complaint Standards in July 2022, setting out expectations for how NHS organisations should handle complaints. The standards include requirements for accessible complaints processes with multiple routes for providing feedback, and for organisations to make it "as easy as possible for people to raise concerns and make complaints" (NHS Complaint Standards, PHSO, July 2022).
- NHS England published complaint handling guidance requiring providers to offer multiple channels for complaints including in person, by telephone, in writing, by email, and through online forms. The Patient Advice and Liaison Services (PALS) provide an additional gateway for patients to raise concerns during and after treatment (NHS complaints guidance, NHS England).
How was this evidence gathered?
Response
Accepted
Response
AcceptedThe government published "Hard Truths: the Journey to Putting Patients First" (Cm 8777) on 19 November 2013, responding to all 290 recommendations of the Francis Report. This followed an initial response "Patients First and Foremost" in March 2013. Key reforms included a new Chief Inspector of Hospitals, strengthened Care Quality Commission inspection regime, a statutory duty of candour, and the fit and proper person test for NHS directors. Volume 2 (Cm 8754) contains the government's detailed responses to each of the 290 recommendations. See: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7cd486ed915d63cc65d167/34658_Cm_8777_Vol_1_accessible.pdf
Published Evidence
Published assessments of progress from inspectorates, select committees, official progress reports, and other sources. Source type badge indicates whether each assessment is independent or government self-reported.
Research published 2023 marking ten years since the Francis Report found mixed results. Structural and legislative changes largely delivered (duty of candour, FPPR, CQC overhaul, revalidation, Freedom to Speak Up Guardians). However, cultural change not fully embedded; understaffing, fear of speaking up, and poor complaint handling persist in parts of the NHS.
PHSO developed NHS Complaint Standards framework providing consistent approach to complaint handling across NHS. Piloted 2021-2022, introduced across NHS from 2022. Applies to all NHS organisations and independent healthcare providers delivering NHS-funded care.
Government published "Culture Change in the NHS" (Cm 9009) reporting progress on all 290 recommendations. Key achievements: 19 hospitals placed in special measures; those trusts recruited 109 additional doctors and 1,805 additional nurses; 129 board-level changes made; excess avoidable deaths fell by 450 in less than a year.
Government published "Hard Truths: The Journey to Putting Patients First" (Cm 8777) in two volumes. Vol 1 set out new actions; Vol 2 provided detailed response to each of the 290 recommendations. Approximately 204 of 290 recommendations were fully accepted.
Ann Clwyd MP and Professor Tricia Hart published review of NHS hospital complaints handling on 28 October 2013. Key recommendations: Chief Executives must sign off complaint responses; Trust Boards must scrutinise complaints; trusts must publish annual complaints reports in plain English.