Access to Justice

Justice Committee Open Inquiry
Opened: 23 Jul 2025 Parliament page
This inquiry will examine how advice and legal services are adapting to secure access to justice across civil, criminal, and family law, and the impacts of the cyber-attack on the Legal Aid Agency. In 2022-23, the Justice Committee undertook a broad inquiry on the Future of Legal Aid , looking … Read more
15 Recommendations
43 Conclusions
1 Report
6 Oral sessions
3 Letters
6 Events
Activity timeline 10 events
17 Jul
2026
Report published
7 Jul
2026
Correspondence
16 Jun
2026
Correspondence
9 Jun
2026
Oral evidence
19 May
2026
Correspondence
14 Apr
2026
Oral evidence
24 Feb
2026
Oral evidence
10 Feb
2026
Oral evidence
6 Jan
2026
Oral evidence
2 Dec
2025
Oral evidence
Oral evidence sessions 6 sessions
9 Jun 2026
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Farah Ziaulla · Ministry of Justice Jane Harbottle CBE · Legal Aid Agency Sarah Sackman MP · Ministry of Justice
14 Apr 2026
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Aileen Armstrong · Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) Anna Bradley · Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) Dr Monisha Shah · The Legal Services Board (LSB) Richard Orpin · The Legal Services Board (LSB) Sarah Rapson · Financial Reporting Council
24 Feb 2026
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Dr John Sorabji · University College London (UCL) Dr Liz Curran · Nottingham Law School, Nottingham Trent University Tom Hayhoe · Legal Services Consumer Panel
10 Feb 2026
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Dr Lisa Wintersteiger · Advicenow (formerly known as Law for Life) Dr Philip Drake · Manchester Justice Hub Liz Bayram · Professional Association for Childcare and Early Years (PACEY) Mr Nimrod Ben-Cnaan · Law Centres Network Professor Linda Mulcahy · Centre for Socio-Legal Studies, University of Oxford
6 Jan 2026
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Kirsty Brimelow KC · Criminal Bar Association Richard Miller · The Law Society of England and Wales Rohini Jana · Legal Aid Practitioners Group
2 Dec 2025
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Barbara Mills KC · The Bar Council Richard Miller · The Law Society of England and Wales Rohini Jana · Legal Aid Practitioners Group
Title HC No. Published Items Response
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Legal Aid HC 541 17 Jul 2026 58 Pending
Recommendations & Conclusions
58 results
1 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The eligibility threshold for criminal legal aid in the magistrates’ court is shockingly low and...
The eligibility threshold for criminal legal aid in the magistrates’ court is shockingly low and is contributing to increasing levels of self-representation. It is a clear denial of justice that an individual working for the national minimum wage may earn … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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2 Recommendation
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The government should immediately implement the Means Test Review and uprate the proposed thresholds to...
The government should immediately implement the Means Test Review and uprate the proposed thresholds to reflect inflation and updated cost-of-living data since the review’s baseline year. It should publish the methodology and revised thresholds alongside its implementation so that providers … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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3 Recommendation
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The government should establish an independent mechanism to review evidence around average incomes and rates...
The government should establish an independent mechanism to review evidence around average incomes and rates of self-representation, which can formally recommend future uplifts to the Lord Chancellor. We suggest this could be the Criminal Legal Aid Advisory Board. (Recommendation, Paragraph … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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4 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The full extent of self-representation for imprisonable offences in the magistrates’ court is not well...
The full extent of self-representation for imprisonable offences in the magistrates’ court is not well understood because the government does not publish reliable data. Best available estimates suggest it could be as high as 50%, which creates an unacceptably high … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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5 Recommendation
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The government must publish data on representation in magistrates’ courts and conduct independent research on...
The government must publish data on representation in magistrates’ courts and conduct independent research on case outcomes (as recommended in the Lammy review and by our predecessor committee). (Recommendation, Paragraph 24) 56
Ministry of Justice
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6 Recommendation
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The government must address how it will ensure defendants are not sentenced to a year...
The government must address how it will ensure defendants are not sentenced to a year or more in prison without any legal representation. This might include, but is not limited to: a. Implementing recommendation 29 of the Independent Review of … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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7 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The position of the criminal duty solicitor scheme is dire, increasing the risk of miscarriages...
The position of the criminal duty solicitor scheme is dire, increasing the risk of miscarriages of justice and negatively impacting the government’s ability to reduce the courts backlog. (Conclusion, Paragraph 34)
Ministry of Justice
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8 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Targeted increases to some police station fixed fees are unlikely to be sufficient to ensure...
Targeted increases to some police station fixed fees are unlikely to be sufficient to ensure the sustainability of the service. The government has said that its intervention to increase funding for criminal duty solicitor schemes has put them on more … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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9 Recommendation
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The government should liaise with the police and relevant stakeholders, such as The Law Society,...
The government should liaise with the police and relevant stakeholders, such as The Law Society, to identify areas where shortages of duty solicitors are negatively impacting the administration of justice. The Lord Chancellor should use their powers under the Legal … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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10 Recommendation
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The government should publish, within six months, its assessment of the number and geographical distribution...
The government should publish, within six months, its assessment of the number and geographical distribution of duty solicitors required to provide sustainable police station and magistrates’ court coverage. Where schemes fall below that level, the Lord Chancellor should use their … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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11 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Available evidence suggests that the financial position of legal aid providers has not improved since...
Available evidence suggests that the financial position of legal aid providers has not improved since the report of our predecessor committee in 2021. It has broadly deteriorated further. There is significant evidence that criminal legal aid rates are fundamentally uneconomical … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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12 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Due to its slow implementation, the minimum funding outlined in the Bellamy review as a...
Due to its slow implementation, the minimum funding outlined in the Bellamy review as a necessary “first step” is now outdated. Recent government increases in criminal legal aid fees, and its match-funded pupillage scheme, are welcome. However, these only enact … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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13 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Legal aid rates must be reviewed and set via an independent process or mechanism.
Legal aid rates must be reviewed and set via an independent process or mechanism. The Committee suggests this could be the Criminal Legal Aid Advisory Board (CLAAB). The CLAAB, or a new body should the government choose to create one, … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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14 Recommendation
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Under the umbrella of the CLAAB, or otherwise, the government should set targets for recruitment...
Under the umbrella of the CLAAB, or otherwise, the government should set targets for recruitment and retention of criminal legal aid lawyers and take action if these are not met. These targets should be set at levels which will ensure … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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15 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The proportion of adults in England and Wales eligible for civil legal aid is unacceptably...
The proportion of adults in England and Wales eligible for civil legal aid is unacceptably low and misaligned with its policy goals. There is overwhelming evidence of a growing “justice gap” in England and Wales, whereby people are both ineligible … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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16 Recommendation
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
As with criminal legal aid, the government should immediately implement the Means Test Review and...
As with criminal legal aid, the government should immediately implement the Means Test Review and uprate the proposed thresholds to reflect inflation and updated cost-of-living data since the review’s baseline year. It should publish the methodology and revised thresholds alongside … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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17 Recommendation
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
To prevent the ‘justice gap’ growing further in future, the government must institute a mechanism...
To prevent the ‘justice gap’ growing further in future, the government must institute a mechanism of regular uprating of the means test in line with pre-defined criteria. This could involve, for example, pegging the income threshold to median earnings. (Recommendation, … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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18 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Passported benefits for legal aid are vital both in ensuring those of limited means can...
Passported benefits for legal aid are vital both in ensuring those of limited means can access services, and in easing the administrative burden on legal aid providers. It would be a wasteful duplication to require providers to means-assess potential clients … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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19 Recommendation
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The government must commit to retaining “passporting” for civil legal aid in relation to those...
The government must commit to retaining “passporting” for civil legal aid in relation to those state welfare payments which are currently passported. This is crucial not only to protect access to justice, but also to minimise administrative burden on legal … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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20 Recommendation
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
In furtherance of its strategy to combat violence against women and girls, the government should...
In furtherance of its strategy to combat violence against women and girls, the government should ensure that a party is not left unrepresented in family proceedings involving domestic abuse, solely because they are in low-paid work rather than in receipt … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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21 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Civil legal aid rates are fundamentally uneconomical for providers, particularly in non-housing and non-immigration and...
Civil legal aid rates are fundamentally uneconomical for providers, particularly in non-housing and non-immigration and asylum categories. Urgent action, of a greater scale than currently offered by the government, is required to retain even current levels of supply. (Conclusion, Paragraph … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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22 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
As with eligibility, the government has failed to properly implement recommendations regarding improving system sustainability.
As with eligibility, the government has failed to properly implement recommendations regarding improving system sustainability. Targeted interventions in civil legal aid, such as housing and immigration fee increases, are too little, too late to prevent further decline. In order to … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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23 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Uplifting other civil legal aid fee schemes in line with housing and immigration increases is...
Uplifting other civil legal aid fee schemes in line with housing and immigration increases is the minimum requirement to arrest the current lack of service provision and ongoing decline in the provider base. Fee increases should be retrospective, meaning they … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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24 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
In line with our criminal legal aid recommendation, civil legal aid rates should be subject...
In line with our criminal legal aid recommendation, civil legal aid rates should be subject to regular independent review and uplift to ensure continued viability of providers. (Recommendation, Paragraph 81)
Ministry of Justice
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25 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Insufficient numbers of young lawyers are undertaking legally aided work in civil and family law.
Insufficient numbers of young lawyers are undertaking legally aided work in civil and family law. Firms lack capacity to train new staff or invest in new technology. (Conclusion, Paragraph 86)
Ministry of Justice
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26 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The recent government approach of targeted intervention in particular areas of civil law is insufficiently...
The recent government approach of targeted intervention in particular areas of civil law is insufficiently proactive, meaning that future provision of civil legal aid is not on a stable footing. The government is not thinking 59 strategically about its future … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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27 Recommendation
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The government should, within 12 months, publish a civil legal aid workforce strategy.
The government should, within 12 months, publish a civil legal aid workforce strategy. This should cover recruitment, retention, training capacity, succession planning and regional shortages. (Recommendation, Paragraph 88)
Ministry of Justice
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28 Recommendation
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The government should use its work on civil legal aid demand to target its interventions...
The government should use its work on civil legal aid demand to target its interventions by area and category of law. In line with criminal legal aid, the government should directly fund training schemes for the most underserved categories of … Read more
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29 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
We welcome the Ministry of Justice’s efforts to improve its monitoring of unmet demand.
We welcome the Ministry of Justice’s efforts to improve its monitoring of unmet demand. However, the evidence laid out above is clear and compelling enough for action to be taken now to address supply failures. (Conclusion, Paragraph 100)
Ministry of Justice
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30 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Despite its efforts, the Ministry of Justice lacks a sufficient understanding of legal aid demand,...
Despite its efforts, the Ministry of Justice lacks a sufficient understanding of legal aid demand, and consequently its current measures of service coverage are invalid. The Legal Aid Agency, due to the powers delegated to it as an executive agency, … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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31 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Legal aid capacity is significantly constrained across all areas of social welfare law and mediation,...
Legal aid capacity is significantly constrained across all areas of social welfare law and mediation, and recent targeted increases in immigration and housing fees are unlikely to appreciably increase provision. We are not convinced that actions the Ministry of Justice … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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32 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The reduction in the number of legal aid providers, both nationally and within particular areas...
The reduction in the number of legal aid providers, both nationally and within particular areas of law and geographical regions, is sufficient to demonstrate that legal aid service provision is insufficient. There is no evidence to suggest that demand for … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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33 Recommendation
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The government must act now and intervene directly to improve service provision in areas of...
The government must act now and intervene directly to improve service provision in areas of law, and geographical regions, that are underserved. Options include, but are not limited to: a. Delegating authority to the Legal Aid Agency to offer greater … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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34 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
As part of our above recommendations on workforce strategy and improving service provision, the Ministry...
As part of our above recommendations on workforce strategy and improving service provision, the Ministry of Justice must: a. Confirm how it monitors whether it has sufficient legally aided mediation capacity to meet demand; b. Produce an assessment of the … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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35 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Remote advice can help extend provision, but it cannot be treated as a complete substitute...
Remote advice can help extend provision, but it cannot be treated as a complete substitute for local face-to-face services, particularly for digitally excluded or vulnerable clients and for cases involving court proceedings. (Conclusion, Paragraph 108) Read more
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36 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
In our view, there is substantial evidence that the Lord Chancellor is failing in their...
In our view, there is substantial evidence that the Lord Chancellor is failing in their statutory duty to “secure that legal aid is made available”. The mechanisms through which the Lord Chancellor may be held to account for this duty, … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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37 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The government is in our view not taking sufficient steps, or exercising its full powers,...
The government is in our view not taking sufficient steps, or exercising its full powers, in relation to fulfilling the Lord Chancellor’s statutory duty. This is evidenced by the poor level of service provision across all categories of law. (Conclusion, … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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38 Recommendation
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The government must take an active role to plug gaps in legal aid provision.
The government must take an active role to plug gaps in legal aid provision. The Lord Chancellor should use their powers under section 2(2) of the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 to either direct grants to … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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39 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Complex legal aid scope for civil legal aid matters creates confusion among both professionals and...
Complex legal aid scope for civil legal aid matters creates confusion among both professionals and clients. It also contributes to system inefficiency and undermines provider sustainability. (Conclusion, Paragraph 118)
Ministry of Justice
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40 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The restrictive scope of the legal help scheme undermines early intervention, causing legal issues to...
The restrictive scope of the legal help scheme undermines early intervention, causing legal issues to escalate and contributing to increased harm and use of resources. (Conclusion, Paragraph 119)
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41 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Accepting there is a lack of government appetite to reintroduce broad categories of law back...
Accepting there is a lack of government appetite to reintroduce broad categories of law back into the legal aid scheme, the Ministry of Justice should reduce barriers to providers giving holistic early legal advice. For example, it should allow providers … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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42 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
If the Hillsborough Bill implementation is successful, legal aid must be available both sufficiently early...
If the Hillsborough Bill implementation is successful, legal aid must be available both sufficiently early in a case, and at a rate which is comparable both to that of public authorities and other fee schemes. (Conclusion, Paragraph 126)
Ministry of Justice
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43 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Expansion of legal aid to inquests is positive, but there may not be capacity in...
Expansion of legal aid to inquests is positive, but there may not be capacity in the system for sufficiently qualified and experienced lawyers to do this work. (Conclusion, Paragraph 127)
Ministry of Justice
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44 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Legal aid must be available sufficiently early in the process to allow for cases to...
Legal aid must be available sufficiently early in the process to allow for cases to be properly assessed and prepared. The Ministry of Justice must set out how it will address funding the legal work required on these cases prior … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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45 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
To preserve the principle of equality of arms, legal aid barristers should be paid comparable...
To preserve the principle of equality of arms, legal aid barristers should be paid comparable rates to state barristers in claims against public authorities. In order to prevent cannibalisation from other civil legal aid fee schemes, non-inquest categories must also … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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46 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Access to family legal aid is essential to the government’s ambition to halve violence against...
Access to family legal aid is essential to the government’s ambition to halve violence against women and girls. Current eligibility rules, provider shortages and uneconomic remuneration mean that survivors of domestic abuse are often unable to secure representation when they … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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47 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The government’s forthcoming family justice strategy should include specific measures to improve access to legally...
The government’s forthcoming family justice strategy should include specific measures to improve access to legally aided advice and representation for survivors of domestic abuse, including fee uplifts and simplified evidence requirements. (Recommendation, Paragraph 135) Read more
Ministry of Justice
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48 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The Exceptional Case Funding scheme does not function as an adequate backstop to ensure the...
The Exceptional Case Funding scheme does not function as an adequate backstop to ensure the protection of individual rights. (Conclusion, Paragraph 142) 62
Ministry of Justice
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49 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The Exceptional Case Funding scheme should be reformed in the following ways: a.
The Exceptional Case Funding scheme should be reformed in the following ways: a. The Ministry of Justice must regularly review the types of cases that obtain Exceptional Case Funding. Cases which are consistently granted funding should be included within the … Read more
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50 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The organisational set-up of the Legal Aid Agency remains deficient in delivering access to justice.
The organisational set-up of the Legal Aid Agency remains deficient in delivering access to justice. The objectives of the Legal Aid Agency are construed narrowly and relate to improving processing times and reducing error. There is an insufficient focus on … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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51 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Despite being the body tasked with administering the legal aid scheme, the Legal Aid Agency...
Despite being the body tasked with administering the legal aid scheme, the Legal Aid Agency is ill-equipped to ensure its service provision is sufficient to meet demand. Existing research on legal aid demand and coverage is entirely sourced from independent … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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52 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Administrative and audit requirements imposed on providers further damage their economic viability and are disproportionate...
Administrative and audit requirements imposed on providers further damage their economic viability and are disproportionate for established providers. Practitioners under the legal aid scheme are required to undertake significant tasks to fulfil audit and contractual requirements which are unpaid. (Conclusion, … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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53 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
In the short term, the Ministry of Justice should reform the Legal Aid Agency’s objectives...
In the short term, the Ministry of Justice should reform the Legal Aid Agency’s objectives and delegated authorities so that it is responsible not only for processing applications and controlling error, but also for monitoring legal need, identifying unmet demand … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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54 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
In the longer term, the Ministry of Justice should consult on whether the Legal Aid...
In the longer term, the Ministry of Justice should consult on whether the Legal Aid Agency’s current institutional form is capable of delivering access to justice. We are supportive of proposals that would involve the government taking on some risk … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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55 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
Legal aid providers and clients have been insufficiently compensated for the additional work and data...
Legal aid providers and clients have been insufficiently compensated for the additional work and data loss caused by the 2025 cyber- attack. The response of the Legal Aid Agency and Ministry of Justice to informing and safeguarding victims has not … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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56 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
We are concerned that current sums committed to restoring and upgrading the Legal Aid Agency’s...
We are concerned that current sums committed to restoring and upgrading the Legal Aid Agency’s IT systems will not be sufficient, and will come too slowly, to prevent further negative impact on the provider base. (Conclusion, Paragraph 168)
Ministry of Justice
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57 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The Legal Aid Agency must monitor firms who have withdrawn their services due to the...
The Legal Aid Agency must monitor firms who have withdrawn their services due to the breach and provide incentives for them to remain in the sector. This could include direct financial assistance in line with our recommendations from chapter three. … Read more
Ministry of Justice
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58 Conclusion
3rd Report – Access to Justice: Le…
The Ministry of Justice must accelerate plans, and increase funds available, to upgrade the Legal...
The Ministry of Justice must accelerate plans, and increase funds available, to upgrade the Legal Aid Agency’s digital infrastructure which is not fit for purpose. This should include a commitment and published timeline to fully replace the Client and Cost … Read more
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Correspondence 3 letters
7 Jul 2026 Correspondence from Sarah Sackman KC MP, Minister for Courts and Legal Services, dated 30 June 2026: Follow-up to the oral evidence session held on 9 June 2026
Parliament page
16 Jun 2026 Correspondence to Sarah Sackman KC MP, Minister for Courts and Legal Services, dated 12 June 2026: Follow-up to the oral evidence session held on 9 June 2026
Parliament page
19 May 2026 Correspondence from Ian Jeffery, Chief Executive of The Law Society, dated 7 May 2026: Clarification of matters raised at inquiry session with the Solicitors Regulation Authority on 14 April 2026
Parliament page