Infected Blood Inquiry

Completed
Chair Sir Brian Langstaff Judge / Judiciary
Established 24 Sep 2018
Final Report 20 May 2024
Commissioned by Cabinet Office Commissioned by the Prime Minister

Examining how thousands of NHS patients were infected with HIV and Hepatitis C through contaminated blood products in the 1970s and 1980s. Found the scandal could largely have been avoided and victims were failed by the NHS, government, and blood services. As of 7 April 2026, the Infected Blood Compensation Authority (IBCA) had made 3,273 offers of compensation totalling over £2.6bn, with 3,161 accepted — in addition to £1.4bn already paid in interim payments; IBCA had contacted 3,942 people and 3,754 had started the claim process. On 14 April 2026 the Government published its response to consultation on proposed changes to the Scheme (CP 1565), announcing approximately £1bn in additional compensation payments on top of the £11.8bn allocated in the 2024 Autumn Budget, with regulations to follow later in 2026.

5 years, 8 months Duration
£146.2m Total Cost
2,007 Core Participants
Government Response

Total Recommendations 103
Data last updated: 21 Jul 2025 · Source
Data verified: 8 May 2026 (import)
How to read this

Government Response tracks what the government said it would do (accepted, rejected, etc.).

Full methodology

52 debates 284 questions 45 statements since Sep 2017
Written Question Infected Blood Inquiry: Costs
Mike Wood (Conservative)
19 May 2026
Early Day Motion Redress for people impacted by surgical mesh, sodium valproate and Primodos
Sarah Green (Liberal Democrat)
13 May 2026
Written Ministerial Statement Update on the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme
Baroness Anderson of Stoke-on-Trent (Labour)
14 Apr 2026
Written Question Infected Blood Inquiry
John Glen (Conservative)
14 Apr 2026
Written Ministerial Statement Update on the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme
Nick Thomas-Symonds (Labour)
14 Apr 2026
View all 385 mentions →
Title Volume Publication Date Tracked recs Links
Additional Report on Compensation Additional 09 Jul 2025 26
Infected Blood Inquiry Final Report Final 20 May 2024 58
First Interim Report Interim 1 29 Jul 2022 1
Second Interim Report Interim 2 05 Apr 2023 18
11 Jul 2017
Inquiry Announced

Prime Minister Theresa May announced a public inquiry.

Source
11 Jul 2017
Chair Appointed

Sir Brian Langstaff appointed as Chair.

25 Jul 2018
Terms of Reference Set

Terms of Reference published.

Source
30 Apr 2019
Hearings Begin

Public hearings commenced.

19 Jul 2022
First Interim Report

Interim report on compensation framework.

Source
05 Apr 2023
Second Interim Report

Second interim report with further compensation recommendations.

20 May 2024
Final Report Published

Final report published finding decades of cover-up.

Source
21 May 2024
Government Apology

Prime Minister issued full apology in Parliament.

Source
23 Aug 2024
Compensation Scheme Opens

Infected Blood Compensation Scheme formally established.

01 Dec 2024
First Payments Made

First compensation payments made to eligible infected persons.

Total Inquiry Cost (Cumulative) £146,162,778
Cost Breakdown (to Mar 2025)
Inquiry Legal Costs £67,290,993 Panel remuneration & Counsel to the Inquiry
Core Participant Legal Costs £27,242,761 Legal funding for core participants
Staff £12,394,166
Accommodation £7,767,036
Technology £8,536,884
Safeguarding £1,496,720
Other £21,434,218
Cumulative total over 7 years. Investigation team (41.5% of total) includes paralegals, investigators and lawyers working on the Inquiry. Participant support includes travel and psychological support for core participants.
Cost History
Period Total Inquiry Legal CP Legal Source
Mar 2025 (cum.) £146,162,778 £67,290,993 £27,242,761
Mar 2025 £5,511,059 £1,514,906 £603,277
Mar 2024 £10,301,344 £5,354,237 £937,131
Mar 2023 £28,254,992 £11,694,492 £7,154,110
Mar 2022 £32,522,939 £15,491,533 £5,778,813
Mar 2021 £34,270,948 £20,797,365 £4,505,612
Mar 2020 £25,992,907 £9,959,119 £5,742,876
Mar 2019 £9,308,693 £2,479,341 £2,520,943

Recommendations (26)

AC-1a
Accepted
Open Registration
Recommendation

The scheme be opened to registration to everyone who may be eligible.

Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that further detail on IBCA delivery recommendations would be set out by IBCA in due course (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- IBCA confirmed that registration is open to infected persons, affected persons, and estates of deceased infected persons via ibca.org.uk (IBCA Community Update, January 2026).
- As of 13 January 2026, 3,721 people had been asked to start claims (IBCA Community Update, January 2026).
IBCA (Primary)
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AC-1b
Accepted
Registration and Application Forms
Recommendation
There be forms (devised by IBCA) for people to register and apply for a core award and the supplementary awards with/without the necessary evidence and with/without calculation of compensation, and as an intermediate step that IBCA provide the option to … Read more
Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that further detail on IBCA delivery recommendations would be set out by IBCA in due course (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- IBCA stated that registration forms are available on the IBCA website and that the registration process takes 5-15 minutes without requiring medical records at registration (IBCA Community Update, January 2026).
IBCA (Primary)
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AC-1c
Accepted
Legal Support Signposting
Recommendation
IBCA include a prominent reference to the availability of legal support paid by IBCA on all registration and application forms and in public information about the compensation scheme and that the Solicitors Regulation Authority remind solicitors of their obligations. Read more
Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that further detail on IBCA delivery recommendations would be set out by IBCA in due course (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- IBCA provides access to independent legal advice as part of the claims process, referenced on the IBCA website (IBCA Community Update, January 2026).
- No independent assessment of the prominence of legal support information on registration and application forms has been identified to March 2026.
IBCA (Primary)
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AC-1d
Accepted
Three-Cohort Prioritisation
Recommendation
When IBCA opens up the service beyond people infected and registered with the support schemes, IBCA: (i) update the sequencing to three cohorts, people infected and never compensated, the deceased infected, and people affected and (ii) adopt a scheme of … Read more
Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that further detail on IBCA delivery recommendations would be set out by IBCA in due course (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- IBCA initially opened to infected persons registered with existing support schemes, with broader opening to the three recommended cohorts underway (IBCA Community Update, January 2026).
- No published information on the prioritisation scheme within each cohort as recommended has been identified to March 2026.
IBCA (Primary)
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AC-1e
Accepted
Oral Representations at Review
Recommendation

IBCA consider making provision, either generally or in specific cases, for oral representations to be made where a decision is reviewed internally, and for the individual concerned and/or their lawyer to attend the review panel.

Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that further detail on IBCA delivery recommendations would be set out by IBCA in due course (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- No published information on whether IBCA has made provision for oral representations at the internal review stage has been identified to March 2026.
IBCA (Primary)
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AC-1f
Accepted
Written Reasons for Decisions
Recommendation

Written reasons for the original decision must be provided so that the review process can operate fairly.

Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that further detail on IBCA delivery recommendations would be set out by IBCA in due course (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- No published information on IBCA's policy for providing written reasons for compensation decisions has been identified to March 2026.
IBCA (Primary)
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AC-2a
Accepted
Publish Guidance and Board Minutes
Recommendation
IBCA should publish: guidance, advice or instructions to claim managers; work undertaken by IBCA with the Cabinet Office's policy team to ensure that IBCA understands "in depth the policy intent behind each regulation"; the papers that have been produced by … Read more
Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that further detail on IBCA delivery recommendations would be set out by IBCA in due course (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- IBCA publishes board meeting minutes on its website (IBCA Community Update, January 2026).
- No published claim manager guidance, policy papers, or Cabinet Office working papers have been identified on the IBCA website to March 2026.
IBCA (Primary)
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AC-2b
Accepted
Share Clinical Assessor Advice
Recommendation
In respect of any case in which the advice of a clinical assessor has been given, in relation to the person concerned (and no more widely except with the consent of that person): that person should be told the factual … Read more
Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that further detail on IBCA delivery recommendations would be set out by IBCA in due course (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- No published information on IBCA's policy for sharing clinical assessor advice with claimants has been identified to March 2026.
IBCA (Primary)
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AC-2c
Accepted
Community Advisory Body
Recommendation
A formal role be given within IBCA for an advisory body consisting of people infected and affected, covering a range of experience broadly representative of those groups, and (if those groups so wish) including clinicians covering the major relevant disciplines … Read more
Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that further detail on IBCA delivery recommendations would be set out by IBCA in due course (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- IBCA has established a 13-member Community Advisory Panel chaired by Tim Green, comprising people with direct or professional experience of the infected blood scandal (IBCA Community Update, January 2026).
IBCA (Primary)
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AC-2d
Accepted
Structured Response to Community Input
Recommendation
To build confidence that IBCA is actively listening to people infected and affected, IBCA adopt more of a structured response to contributions from people infected and affected. Consideration should be given, as a minimum, to making a contemporaneous record of … Read more
Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that further detail on IBCA delivery recommendations would be set out by IBCA in due course (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- No published information on whether IBCA has adopted structured processes for responding to community contributions has been identified to March 2026.
IBCA (Primary)
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IBI-A-2e
Accepted
Transparency of Scheme Design
Recommendation
The Government and IBCA establish a mechanism by which individuals or organisations may raise concerns which arise about any aspect of the scheme which from time to time is troubling them. The mechanism is intended to help continuous improvement of, … Read more
Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that it would establish a mechanism allowing people and organisations to raise concerns about the compensation scheme and its delivery, working jointly with IBCA (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- No published information on this concerns mechanism has been identified to March 2026.
UK Government (Primary)
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IBI-A-3a
Accepted
HIV Eligibility Start Date
Recommendation

An amendment to the Regulations be made as soon as possible to remove the reference to 1 January 1982 from Regulation 3.

Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that it accepted this recommendation and would remove the 1 January 1982 start date for HIV eligibility, meaning anyone infected with HIV through contaminated blood products would be eligible regardless of infection year (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- A consultation on proposed changes to the infected blood compensation scheme was opened on 24 November 2025, covering this and other regulatory amendments (Consultation: Proposed Changes to the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme, Cabinet Office, November 2025).
- The regulatory amendment had not been made as of March 2026.
UK Government (Primary)
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IBI-A-4a
Accepted in Part
Interferon Treatment Impacts
Recommendation

People infected with Hepatitis B or C who have received a course of treatment with or based on interferon should be recognised as entitled to core awards at Level 3.

Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that it accepted this recommendation in principle and proposed introducing a new severity band "Level 2B" for interferon recipients, with a consultation on appropriate award amounts (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- A consultation on proposed changes to the infected blood compensation scheme was opened on 24 November 2025, covering the interferon treatment severity band (Consultation: Proposed Changes to the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme, Cabinet Office, November 2025).
UK Government (Primary)
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IBI-A-4b
Accepted in Part
Special Category Mechanism
Recommendation
The Government reconsider whether to maintain its rejection in February 2025 of the recommendations of Sir Robert Francis KC and advice from the Infected Blood Inquiry Response Expert Group of August 2024, which was expressly accepted at the time by … Read more
Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that it accepted this recommendation in principle, that the Severe Health Condition award would recognise impacts equivalent to the Special Category Mechanism, and that current IBSS beneficiaries would be automatically eligible (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- A consultation on proposed changes to the infected blood compensation scheme was opened on 24 November 2025, covering this award (Consultation: Proposed Changes to the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme, Cabinet Office, November 2025).
UK Government (Primary) Parliament: 5
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IBI-A-4c
Accepted
Effective Treatment - Earnings Floor
Recommendation
For the calculation of Financial Loss awards for Hepatitis B, people born after 1953 should be treated like those born in or before 1953 on provision of evidence that their health did not improve or that it remained difficult to … Read more
Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that it accepted this recommendation and would remove the earnings floor on the Supplementary Route Exceptional Loss award, enabling individuals to demonstrate inability to return to work after treatment (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- A consultation on proposed changes to the infected blood compensation scheme was opened on 24 November 2025 (Consultation: Proposed Changes to the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme, Cabinet Office, November 2025).
- The regulatory amendment had not been made as of March 2026.
UK Government (Primary)
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IBI-A-4d
Accepted
Deeming of Severity Bands
Recommendation
Where the level of severity of a person's infection at Level 3 or more has been established to IBCA's satisfaction in relation to a given year, but it is not known when it reached Level 3 or more, the legislative … Read more
Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that it accepted this recommendation and would amend regulations so those with a Level 4 Hepatitis diagnosis who lack prior evidence would be deemed to have spent up to six years prior with a Level 3 infection (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- A consultation on proposed changes to the infected blood compensation scheme was opened on 24 November 2025 (Consultation: Proposed Changes to the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme, Cabinet Office, November 2025).
- The regulatory amendment had not been made as of March 2026.
UK Government (Primary)
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IBI-A-4e
Accepted
Evidence of Diagnosis Date
Recommendation
Regulation 14(2)(c) be amended to remove the requirement for evidence of the date of diagnosis of Hepatitis B or C. An appropriate redraft to achieve this would be: "where the diagnosis mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) is one of HIV, the … Read more
Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that it accepted this recommendation and would remove the requirement for Hepatitis B or C patients to evidence their diagnosis date when applying for compensation (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- A consultation on proposed changes to the infected blood compensation scheme was opened on 24 November 2025 (Consultation: Proposed Changes to the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme, Cabinet Office, November 2025).
- The regulatory amendment had not been made as of March 2026.
UK Government (Primary)
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IBI-A-5a
Accepted in Part
Severe Psychological Harm
Recommendation
The approach of the Infected Blood Psychology Service is adopted so that both a diagnosis made by a psychiatric professional and a formulation-based opinion of all qualified psychological and counselling professionals are accepted as sufficient evidence of severe psychological harm … Read more
Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that it accepted this recommendation in principle and would consult on evidence requirements and thresholds for severe psychological harm awards (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- A consultation on proposed changes to the infected blood compensation scheme was opened on 24 November 2025, covering evidence standards for psychological harm (Consultation: Proposed Changes to the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme, Cabinet Office, November 2025).
UK Government (Primary)
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IBI-A-6a
Accepted in Part
Financial Loss and Care
Recommendation

"x" be removed from the equation set out in Regulation 7.

Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that it accepted this recommendation in principle and recognised the need for change regarding past care and financial loss calculations, but would consult on appropriate adjustments (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- A consultation on proposed changes to the infected blood compensation scheme was opened on 24 November 2025 (Consultation: Proposed Changes to the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme, Cabinet Office, November 2025).
UK Government (Primary)
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IBI-A-6b
Accepted in Part
Exceptional Loss Evidence
Recommendation
The Cabinet Office consult on whether the evidential requirements for exceptional reduced earnings are likely to prove a barrier to people who have sufficient evidence that their eligibility for such an award could with confidence be established on a balance … Read more
Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that it accepted this recommendation in principle and would consult on the evidential requirements for Exceptional Loss awards through the supplementary route (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- A consultation on proposed changes to the infected blood compensation scheme was opened on 24 November 2025 (Consultation: Proposed Changes to the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme, Cabinet Office, November 2025).
UK Government (Primary)
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IBI-A-7a
Accepted in Part
Unethical Research Award
Recommendation

Where there is evidence that an individual was the victim of unethical research practices IBCA should be authorised to make an unethical research practices award to that individual.

Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that it accepted this recommendation in principle and would consult on providing an award for unethical research victims requiring minimal evidence, minimising delays, and ensuring consistency (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- A consultation on proposed changes to the infected blood compensation scheme was opened on 24 November 2025, covering the unethical research practices award (Consultation: Proposed Changes to the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme, Cabinet Office, November 2025).
UK Government (Primary) Parliament: 1
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IBI-A-7b
Accepted in Part
Wider Definition of Unethical Research
Recommendation

When considering the evidence IBCA applies the wider definition of research explained in the Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report chapter on Unethical Research.

Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that it accepted this recommendation in principle and would apply the wider definition of research as explained in the Additional Report when consulting on the unethical research award (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- A consultation on proposed changes to the infected blood compensation scheme was opened on 24 November 2025 (Consultation: Proposed Changes to the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme, Cabinet Office, November 2025).
UK Government (Primary)
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IBI-A-7c
Under Consideration
Unethical Research Award Amount Review
Recommendation
The Minister consider whether the £10,000 (£15,000 for Treloar's pupils) should in justice be increased and further decides what sum he considers accords most closely with the general public's sense of justice and fairness in respect of an individual being … Read more
Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that it would consider whether the unethical research practices award amounts (£10,000 standard, £15,000 for Treloar's pupils) should be increased (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- No published decision on revised award amounts has been identified to March 2026.
UK Government (Primary)
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IBI-A-8a
Accepted in Part
Supplementary Route for Affected Persons
Recommendation
The Minister give consideration to there being a supplementary route for people affected. This could include opening the supplemental award for severe psychological harm to people affected. He should involve parents, children, siblings, partners and carers, and their legal representatives … Read more
Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that it accepted this recommendation in principle and would consult on the feasibility of implementing a supplementary route for affected persons experiencing severe psychological harm (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- A consultation on proposed changes to the infected blood compensation scheme was opened on 24 November 2025, covering the supplementary route for affected persons (Consultation: Proposed Changes to the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme, Cabinet Office, November 2025).
UK Government (Primary) Parliament: 1
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IBI-A-8b
Accepted
Affected Estates
Recommendation

The Regulations be amended such that where someone who would be an eligible affected person dies between 21 May 2024 and 31 December 2029, their claim does not die with them but becomes part of their estate.

Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that it accepted this recommendation and that estates of affected persons who died after 21 May 2024 may inherit claims, with eligibility extending to 31 March 2031, beyond the Inquiry's suggested 31 December 2029 (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- A consultation on proposed changes to the infected blood compensation scheme was opened on 24 November 2025 (Consultation: Proposed Changes to the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme, Cabinet Office, November 2025).
- The regulatory amendment had not been made as of March 2026.
UK Government (Primary) Parliament: 2
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IBI-A-9a
Accepted
Bereaved Partner Support Scheme
Recommendation
The IBSS cut-off date of 31 March 2025 be reviewed, that the scheme should as soon as possible reinstate support payments to partners bereaved after 31 March 2025 until such time as they receive compensation and that they should have … Read more
Published evidence summary
- The Government stated in July 2025 that it accepted this recommendation, and that partners bereaved after 1 April 2025, whose partner received no compensation, may join the Support Schemes and receive lifetime payments while awaiting their own compensation (Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report: Government Response, Cabinet Office, July 2025).
- A consultation on proposed changes to the infected blood compensation scheme was opened on 24 November 2025 (Consultation: Proposed Changes to the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme, Cabinet Office, November 2025).
UK Government (Primary)
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