Child Death

PFD Category
Reports: 443 Areas: 65 Earliest: Jan 2015 Latest: 26 Mar 2026

79% response rate (above 63% average). 38% of classified responses show concrete action taken. Reports fell 2% from 57 (2023) to 56 (2024).

PFD Reports
443 results
Robyn Skilton
All Responded
2022-0247 7 Aug 2022 West Sussex
Department of Health and Social Care
Concerns summary (AI summary) Significant underfunding and under-resourcing of CAMHS caused extensive waiting times for child psychiatrist assessments, preventing timely diagnosis and treatment. Exploding referral rates without proportionate resource increases have made the service unsustainable, endangering young people.
Noted (AI summary) The response acknowledges concerns about access to child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) in West Sussex. It outlines national initiatives to increase funding for and access to mental health services, including potential waiting time standards, and mentions a public call for evidence.
Muhammad Hassan
Historic (No Identified Response)
2022-0221 19 Jul 2022 Cambridgeshire and Peterborough
National Institute for Health and Care … Royal College of Midwives
Concerns summary (AI summary) A lack of national guidance on feeding expectations for low-risk, formula-fed babies in their first 72 hours risks premature discharge and insufficient information for families on signs of concern.
Adele Massoudi
All Responded
2022-0185 20 Jun 2022 Berkshire
Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust
Concerns summary (AI summary) A midwife delayed calling an ambulance despite meconium in a home birth, prioritizing other tasks, raising concerns about insufficient urgency in training. Additionally, the placenta was not retained, hindering vital examination for learning.
Action Taken (AI summary) Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust commissioned an external midwifery report and is developing an action plan to address recommendations for future training provision. A new SOP provides guidance on placenta histology, storage, and retention, and all Band 7 midwives and Unit Coordinators will be trained on the new SOP.
James Manning
Historic (No Identified Response)
2022-0179 16 Jun 2022 West Sussex
Bourne Leisure Ltd Brighton and Sussex University Hospital… East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust +2 more
Concerns summary (AI summary) There's a lack of national guidance for urgent tonsillectomy referrals in children, especially regarding choking hazards. Delays in care occurred due to staff leave, poor communication between trusts, and inadequate incident investigation systems across company sites.
Esma Guzel
All Responded
2022-0233 1 Jun 2022 Hull and East Riding of Yorkshire
NHS Digital NHS Pathways Royal College of General Practitioners +1 more
Concerns summary (AI summary) The 111 algorithm failed to prompt urgent paediatric referral for a critically ill child, inadequately considering parental concern, prior GP review, and timing of advice, leading to delayed optimal care.
Noted (AI summary) The RCPCH acknowledges the concerns and will share the report with its Quality in Clinical Practice committee for further discussion to identify opportunities to prevent future deaths, and will continue to collaborate with the RCGP on safe and effective pathways of care for children and young people, ensuring the child health workforce is represented in national discussions on children’s urgent and emergency healthcare, and patient safety. The RCGP acknowledges the concerns, outlines educational material for GPs in training, and welcomes changes to the 111 out-of-hours algorithm. They support investment in primary care infrastructure to improve data sharing, but note that dissemination of a rare case report is not currently considered necessary. NHS Digital reports that the 111 algorithm was modified and provides detail on the governance structure overseeing NHS Pathways, including independent oversight, consistency with NICE guidelines, and a process for reporting incidents and requesting changes.
Connor Wellsted
Partially Responded
2022-0145 15 May 2022 Surrey
Care Quality Commission Department of Health and Social Care NHS England +2 more
Concerns summary (AI summary) An old, unserviced cot with improperly placed padded boards led to entrapment. Inadequate overnight supervision and the Children's Trust's lack of transparency, scene preservation, and proper investigation exacerbated the issues.
Action Taken (AI summary) CQC inspections since Connor's death have identified safe practices, good leadership and governance at The Children's Trust, and they have not found evidence to suggest the coroner's concerns remain. The Children's Trust states that extensive measures and improvements have been implemented over the last five years and a learning action group has been established to develop new processes and systems addressing the coroner's concerns. NHS England representatives reviewed the Children's Trust and concluded that all concerns have been addressed, and outstanding actions for improvement will continue to be monitored; all reports received are discussed by the Regulation 28 Working Group. The Children’s Trust updated their Medical Devices and Equipment Policy, implemented mandatory equipment checks, updated their Sleep Monitoring Policy with mandatory risk assessments, and developed policies for responding to medical emergencies and sudden unexpected deaths. NHS England has also made relevant policy teams aware of the coroner's report and the guidance on 'Bed rails: Management and Safe Use'.
Millie-Rae Needham
Historic (No Identified Response)
2022-0122 25 Apr 2022 South Yorkshire (West District)
Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Founda…
Concerns summary (AI summary) The report identifies concerns that a midwife was talked out of seeking support for an episiotomy, leading to delays and inadequate monitoring, and that there was a lack of discussion with the patient about birthing options prior to labour.
Cassian Curry
All Responded
2022-0120 25 Apr 2022 South Yorkshire (West District)
Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Founda…
Concerns summary (AI summary) Parents were not informed of a critical consultant plan for a central line review. Concerns also include a lack of consideration for national form suitability and how regional support is accessed for highly vulnerable babies.
Action Taken (AI summary) The Trust is working with the South Yorkshire Neonatal Operational Development Network to deliver a network-wide action plan for increased family involvement in neonatal care, and the updated umbilical line insertion checklist now includes a specific entry requirement for informing parents if the catheter is in a suboptimal position.
Thomas Hoskin
Historic (No Identified Response)
2022-0115 22 Apr 2022 West London
National Institute for Health and Care …
Concerns summary (AI summary) There is a critical lack of specific guidelines for the optimal management of fatal fetal infection, leaving clinicians without assistance in situations like circulatory collapse at birth.
Manhareen Kaur
Historic (No Identified Response)
2022-0107 8 Apr 2022 Inner West London
London North West University Healthcare…
Concerns summary (AI summary) There is no system for monitoring high-risk babies on postnatal wards, leading to insufficient observations and delayed detection of collapse in infants requiring assisted delivery or resuscitation.
Oliver Lindsay
All Responded
2022-0103 6 Apr 2022 Manchester South
Department of Health and Social Care
Concerns summary (AI summary) Delays in urgent fetal growth scans due to capacity issues, coupled with a lack of widespread understanding of fetal growth restriction risks, compromise timely intervention and parental awareness.
Action Taken (AI summary) NHSEI published a Core Competency Framework to address variation in maternity and neonatal training and competency assessment, including training on the Saving Babies Lives Care Bundle Version 2, which includes monitoring fetal growth restriction.
Remi Koduah
Historic (No Identified Response)
2022-0085 18 Mar 2022 Cheshire
Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation T…
Concerns summary (AI summary) The resuscitation area was separate from the operating theatre, hampering communication. Critical blood supplies were also located too far away for time-sensitive emergency situations.
Samuel Alban-Stanley
All Responded
2022-0082 12 Mar 2022 North East Kent
Department of Health and Social Care NHS Kent and Medway Clinical Commission…
Concerns summary (AI summary) Inadequate support and psychosocial interventions were provided for a child with Prader Willi syndrome and high-risk behaviours. Poor communication between agencies also prevented coordinated care.
Action Planned (AI summary) North East London Foundation Trust is working with the Kent and Medway ICS and the local authority to learn lessons from the report, and has put training in place for all relevant staff on the signs and impacts of the relevant condition, and introduced reviews for high complexity cases. Training on Prader-Willi syndrome has been provided to CYPMHS staff at NELFT, and joint posts have been created across the Local Authority and Primary Care to identify children with additional needs early. Kent has also mobilised the National NHS England Designated Key Worker Early Adopter programme and continues to develop programmes for early intervention and support. The Department for Education is working with the Children’s Commissioner’s Office and the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) to identify ways to better improve data sharing in child safeguarding cases. They have also committed to publishing an ambitious implementation strategy later this year.
Tomi Solomon
Historic (No Identified Response)
2022-0075 9 Mar 2022 West Yorkshire, Western
Tennant Investments, Canal and River Tr…
Concerns summary (AI summary) Inadequate safety measures on a popular bridge and surrounding area fail to deter dangerous activities by teenagers, creating a risk of future tragedies.
Edward Akroyd
All Responded
2022-0069 4 Mar 2022 West Yorkshire Western
Calderdale and Huddersfield Foundation …
Concerns summary (AI summary) No specific concerns identified within the provided text, which details a critical condition and subsequent death following an expedited delivery due to abnormal CTG tracing.
Noted (AI summary) The Trust outlines actions taken in response to concerns, including updating guidelines for maternal blood pressure checks and CTG interpretation, changing processes for escalating concerns, and ensuring timely review of blood test results. They also describe actions related to training and competence assessment of midwives. The Trust requests redaction of specific concerns and responses from publication, arguing they could identify individual clinical staff and contain personal information.
Martha Mills
All Responded
2022-0063 28 Feb 2022 Inner North London
King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation …
Concerns summary (AI summary) Delayed referral to paediatric intensivists and a suboptimal paper-based early warning score system contributed to a preventable death. A critical program to improve inter-departmental collaboration has stalled.
Action Taken (AI summary) King's College Hospital outlines actions taken and planned following a serious incident investigation, including establishing regular meetings between departments, developing new care pathways, improving access to specialist services, and providing additional training. They also detail how ongoing actions will be monitored.
Adrian Balog
All Responded
2022-0056 23 Feb 2022 Manchester City
Department for Education
Concerns summary (AI summary) National safeguarding guidance for children omits "obesity" as a sign of neglect, contrasting with malnourishment, which risks failing to identify and protect obese children at risk.
Noted (AI summary) The Secretary of State acknowledges concerns about including 'obesity' as an indicator of abuse and neglect in safeguarding guidance, highlighting existing guidance on safeguarding children's welfare and health. They note existing initiatives to improve access to services for children living with overweight or obesity and refer to the Independent Review of Children’s Social Care, stating that the concerns will be considered in the context of the review's recommendations.
Daniel France
Historic (No Identified Response)
2022-0047 16 Feb 2022 Cambridgeshire and Peterborough
Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Fou…
Concerns summary (AI summary) A vulnerable young person known to the County Council and Mental Health Trust did not receive timely support, facing a long wait for psychological therapy, potentially dangerous given the risk of impulsive acts; there were also considerable delays in obtaining appointments for the Gender Identity Clinic and a shortage of psychological therapies.
Jake Cahill
All Responded
2022-0032 1 Feb 2022 Cornwall & the Isles of Scilly
Youth Justice Board for England and Wal…
Concerns summary (AI summary) Vulnerable young people complete self-assessment forms without professional discussion about sensitive issues, a gap compounded by inadequate guidance from the Youth Justice Board.
Action Taken (AI summary) The Youth Justice Board has updated national guidance to support practitioners in using self-assessment tools appropriately when engaging with children. The updated guidance covers topics such as bail, custody, family and health.
Oskar Nash
All Responded
2022-0031 31 Jan 2022 Surrey
Department for Education Department of Health and Social Care National Child Safeguarding Review Panel +3 more
Concerns summary (AI summary) Child mental health services lack mandatory Autism training for triage staff, risking inadequate understanding and inappropriate closure of referrals. Routine referrals are automatically deemed low risk, despite potential for significant harm.
Action Planned (AI summary) The council made Autism awareness training mandatory for all staff working directly with children and young people, to be completed by 31 March 2022. It noted the Coroner's concern regarding post-death reviews, stating that SCC follows national guidance and took appropriate steps by way of a Thematic Review which was accepted by the National Panel. The CCG details actions taken including a Surrey CDR team meeting, incorporating thematic review learning into Surrey Children Services academy training, establishing a multi-agency task and finish group and a children and young person subgroup of the Surrey Suicide Prevention Partnership. Oskar's death will be presented at the next suicide themed CDOP meeting and learning shared nationally via NCMD. The Department for Education is conducting reviews of special educational needs and disability and of the children’s social care system, which will lead to significant reform of the support available for the most vulnerable of children and young people. The Child Safeguarding Practice Review Panel are developing a framework for undertaking rapid reviews, developing a quality assurance framework and publishing anonymised examples of good quality rapid reviews as exemplars of good practice.
Coco Bradford
All Responded
2022-0012 18 Jan 2022 Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly
National Institute for Health & Care Ex…
Concerns summary (AI summary) Outdated IV fluid guidelines for children in shock posed a risk of fluid overload, and there was no clear guidance on balancing antibiotic use for sepsis against the risk of HUS in bacterial gastroenteritis.
Action Planned (AI summary) NICE acknowledges the guideline on gastroenteritis in under 5s [CG84] does not align with the UK Resuscitation Council’s 2021 guideline on paediatric advanced life support, and has forwarded the report to their guideline surveillance team who will review the UK Resuscitation Council’s 2021 guideline and consider if CG84 and other related NICE guidance need to be updated.
Luke Wilden
All Responded
2022-0015 16 Jan 2022 Bedfordshire and Luton
East London NHS Foundation Trust NHS England
Concerns summary (AI summary) Inadequate transition arrangements within mental health services for young adults with high-functioning autism resulted in a lack of continued treatment and appropriate social care. This service gap may exist nationally.
Action Planned (AI summary) NHS England is working with ELFT to strengthen knowledge and understanding of transitions issues in each other’s areas and a shared transition protocol or protocols that link together. They are committed to improving the availability of inpatient mental health support and alternatives to admission for Children and Young People. The Trust has reinforced transition protocols, reviewed the serious incident report into Mr Wilden’s death and the Trust’s transition policy and protocols with relevant staff members. An administrator pulls a list of all existing service users on a monthly basis to address the transitions policy.
Alfie Stone
All Responded
2022-0013 14 Jan 2022 Northamptonshire
East Midlands Ambulance Service
Concerns summary (AI summary) Paramedics lacked training in administering buccal midazolam and failed to effectively oxygenate or suction a fitting child, despite clear recommendations from a serious incident report.
Action Planned (AI summary) EMAS will be sharing updated guidance, national PGD and learning from this PFD across the Ambulance Pharmacists Network. Updated guidance and training package is being developed and will be rolled out during 2022/23 which will include the option for clinicians to administer buccal midazolam to adults (18 years and over) who present with convulsive status epilepticus when it is not available within the home as a prescribed medication.
Jos Tartese-Joy
All Responded
2021-0435 31 Dec 2021 Greater Manchester South
Department of Health and Social Care
Concerns summary (AI summary) A combination of poor communication regarding high-risk pregnancy, lack of clear national guidance for CTG monitoring, and inadequate support and escalation policies for student midwives contributed to critical care gaps.
Action Planned (AI summary) DHSC notes that £52 million was announced to fast track the provision of online maternity records and NHSE has updated the maternity early warning score (NEWS2) chart and the updated element seeks to focus more attention on pregnancies at high-risk of fetal growth restriction. A standardised risk assessment tool that all trust should use at the onset of labour has been developed.
Oliver Weston
Historic (No Identified Response)
2021-0422 20 Dec 2021 Lancashire & Blackburn with Darwen
OFSTED
Concerns summary (AI summary) An OFSTED inspection of a children's home was deficient, failing to consider relevant safeguarding information and misinterpreting evidence. Lack of guidance for publishing reports in "exceptional circumstances" led to arbitrary decisions.