Emergency services related deaths
PFD Category
Reports: 257
Areas: 59
Earliest: Jan 2016
Latest: 3 Apr 2026
87% response rate (above 63% average). 44% of classified responses show concrete action taken. Reports rose 21% from 38 (2023) to 46 (2024).
PFD Reports
257 resultsSheldon Marshall
All Responded
2021-0276
20 Aug 2021
Surrey
Mayday Group
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Insufficient senior clinical oversight at Mayday Assistance Limited and a lack of clear responsibility for patient medical management during air ambulance repatriations pose risks of future deaths.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
Mayday Assistance now employs two doctors, has implemented an internal escalation process for seriously ill patients, holds weekly virtual ward rounds to review patient management and has an Air Ambulance Support Agreement in place with providers to clarify responsibilities.
Steve Cooke
All Responded
2021-0266
8 Aug 2021
Mid Kent and Medway
South East Coast Ambulance Service
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Critical communication failures by emergency operations control, including dispatching an ambulance to the wrong address and inadequate follow-up with contacts, led to a severely unwell patient not being located.
Action Planned
(AI summary)
South East Coast Ambulance Service is updating its processes for 999 and 111 calls to ensure call handlers ask for the address instead of suggesting it, and improving the process for when crews cannot locate a patient by escalating to a team leader who will verify the address and search for additional information; these changes will be implemented via operational bulletins expected to be in force within 1-2 weeks.
Pauline Allison
All Responded
2021-0269
3 Aug 2021
West Sussex
British Medical Association and Sussex …
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Insufficient awareness among patients, families, and carers about the increased fire risk from flammable emollient creams, especially when combined with air mattresses, poses a significant safety concern.
Noted
(AI summary)
NHS Brighton & Hove CCG, NHS East Sussex CCG, and NHS West Sussex CCG have reviewed preventable deaths messaging related to flammable products and are raising awareness of the risks from emollient creams, including publishing warnings and providing information to GPs, care homes, and patients about the fire risks associated with these products, based on previous alerts from the MHRA. The BMA acknowledges the concern about patient awareness of risks associated with emollient creams, but states they are not the appropriate organisation to address it. They suggest contacting the MHRA, NHS England, the Royal College of General Practitioners, and medical defence bodies instead.
Nadeem Ahmed
All Responded
2021-0232
8 Jul 2021
East London
London Ambulance Service NHS Trust
London’s Air Ambulance
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Inaccurate and incomplete clinical information was conveyed during a HEMS dispatch call, with critical patient parameters omitted, potentially due to a lack of shared training or checklists between paramedics.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
LAS and LAA will publish a bulletin on their intranet and share it with clinical staff and partner universities, reinforcing the importance of SBAR handovers and how to prompt them, and incorporating this into core skills refresher training.
Peggy Copeman
All Responded
2021-0182
28 May 2021
Norfolk
Premier Rescue Ambulance Services
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Patient transport staff failed to recognise a patient's respiratory distress, delayed calling emergency services, and performed ineffective CPR due to patient positioning. Only one staff member was CPR trained, violating policy.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
Premier Rescue Ambulance Service Ltd. has trained all staff, including drivers, in CPR, with one member of staff now authorized to train others internally. The company has also implemented a policy to no longer transport patients who are not awake and responsive at the start of the journey and requires a qualified medical practitioner confirming a patient's fitness to travel.
Parys Lapper
All Responded
2021-0148
10 May 2021
West Sussex
NHS England
Concerns summary (AI summary)
A fragmented prescription system, lacking central records, allowed a patient to obtain excessive medication from multiple providers, enabling abuse and increasing the risk of fatal overdose.
Noted
(AI summary)
NHS England and NHS Improvement acknowledge concerns about individuals obtaining excess medications and checking prescriptions across providers. They cite GMC guidance on prescribing practices and describe ongoing programs to improve information sharing and mental health services.
Martin Sullivan
All Responded
2021-0056
2 Mar 2021
Manchester South
NHS England and NHS Stockport Clinical …
Concerns summary (AI summary)
The emergency medical dispatch protocol inadequately recognised life-threatening asthma symptoms, and the ambulance service consistently failed to meet Category 2 response time targets.
Noted
(AI summary)
The Clinical Commissioning Group provides information and context regarding the MPDS algorithm, the identification of ineffective breathing, ambulance performance data, and staffing levels within NWAS, without stating planned actions. NHS England will hold a learning event with all ambulance services and triage system providers to share best practice and ensure ambulance services utilise triage systems safely and effectively in identifying ineffective breathing in asthma patients.
Jaden Francois-Espirit
All Responded
2021-0048
22 Feb 2021
Inner North London
London Fire Brigade
Concerns summary (AI summary)
The London Fire Brigade failed to recognise deteriorating mental well-being in a firefighter, missing subtle signs and not exploring his refusal of offered support.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
LFB accepted all 24 recommendations in the investigation report following the death of Jaden Francois-Esprit, and created an action plan, extended to include the coroner's concerns, with a total of 32 actions. As of June 10 2021, nine of these actions have been completed across 11 broad areas including recruitment, training, support and culture.
Lisa Codling
All Responded
2021-0047
19 Feb 2021
Brighton and Hove
South East Coast Ambulance Service and …
Concerns summary (AI summary)
The ambulance service's delayed response to a time-sensitive paracetamol overdose exceeded 3 hours, arriving too late for effective treatment.
Action Planned
(AI summary)
The ambulance service does not believe a Safety Alert would be appropriate and do not believe that it is feasible to upgrade all overdoses, but plans to meet with the NHS England national ambulance team and NHS Pathways to share learning and progress concerns. Revised guidance on overdoses is at the pre-publication stage and will endorse clinical review of overdoses.
Kevin Clarke
All Responded
2021-0046
18 Feb 2021
London Inner South
London Ambulance Service
Metropolitan Police Service
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Police training inadequately addresses detainee health in non-emergency situations, with officers lacking vital sign measurement skills. There was ineffective safety officer monitoring, poor leadership and risk assessment during restraint, and insufficient paramedic input.
Action Planned
(AI summary)
The LAS has implemented leadership training and Acute Behavioural Disturbance (ABD) refresher training. They collaborated on national guidance for ABD for ambulance staff and are sharing updated clinical guidelines via tablet devices. Learning from the death has been presented to the JRCALC guidelines group. The MPS will include information in officer safety and emergency life support training on Acute Behavioural Disturbance (ABD) and de-escalation techniques, the impact of stress on behaviour, and reflection on actions. Supervisors will be trained to identify themselves and liaise with the Safety Officer upon arrival at a scene.
Gillian McKinlay
Historic (No Identified Response)
2021-0040
12 Feb 2021
Lancashire & Blackburn with Darwen
Care Quality Commission
East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust
Concerns summary (AI summary)
There was no clear responsibility for A&E patients' overall care, and mandated clinical reviews for high EWS scores did not occur or were escalated. The Trust's serious incident investigation was inadequate, failing to address key issues or audit improvements.
Jack Goodwin
All Responded
2021-0036
11 Feb 2021
Greater Manchester South
NHS England
Concerns summary (AI summary)
The ambulance call handler script failed to provide realistic arrival times or suggest alternative transport, hindering informed decisions. It also lacked emphasis on attending acute hospitals or re-calling upon patient deterioration.
Action Planned
(AI summary)
NHS England will explore adding guidance to ambulance call scripts to advise callers to go to the nearest emergency department (noting that not all hospitals have them) if they choose to transport the patient themselves. This will be explored through the Ambulance Transformation Forum.
Lynn Hadley
All Responded
2021-0346
18 Jan 2021
Black Country Area
Medicines and Healthcare Products Regul…
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Oxygen cylinder regulators present an ignition risk, possibly due to incorrect valve operation by paramedics lacking knowledge of safety protocols, with multiple reported incidents despite no identified device defects.
Noted
(AI summary)
West Midlands Ambulance Service took immediate action by informing all frontline staff of requirements for medical gas cylinder assembly/disassembly and sharing lessons learned with partner organizations. The CQC acknowledges the concerns but states it is outside of their remit to issue or change formal guidance or policies around oxygen usage or safety, as they are not clinical experts. They will continue to communicate with WMAS and monitor actions taken to improve safety. HSE will support MHRA as the lead authority and will use its communication channels to promote any information/guidance produced by the MHRA. They will also consider if HSE guidance document INDG459 should be updated to reflect any new information/guidance produced. MHRA has commenced a dialogue with the Association of Anaesthetists and the Safe Anaesthesia Liaison Group of the Royal College of Anaesthetists to raise awareness of ignition within valve components of oxygen cylinders. MHRA was represented on a multiagency group which hopes to publish guidance once ratified by the Councils of both the RCoA and the AA.
Karl Bolam
All Responded
2021-0011
14 Jan 2021
Surrey
NHS Pathways
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Ambulance service surge management led to delayed response. Call handlers failed to ask a lone caller if he could contact someone for assistance, a script deficiency later partially addressed.
Action Planned
(AI summary)
NHS Digital has reviewed the NHS Pathways script and will work with stakeholders to explore options for improvements. They have committed to reviewing the NHS Pathways training materials to ensure that the importance of encouraging callers to seek support is reinforced.
Elsie Taylor
All Responded
2020-0281
14 Dec 2020
Black Country
West Midlands Ambulance Service
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Paramedics failed to document a patient's refusal of hospital admission, the advice given, or to provide information to her family or GP, leaving a vulnerable patient unmonitored.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
The paramedics attended further training which covered the Trusts expected standard of completing and checking documentation. The local management team for the Black Country have been reminded of the importance of providing statements in a timely manner.
Thomas Rawnsley
All Responded
2020-0283
9 Dec 2020
South Yorkshire (West District)
NHS England
Yorkshire Ambulance Service
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Virtual consultations risk misunderstanding due to lack of written follow-up. Inconsistent initial questioning across emergency services leads to incomplete clinical triage, and paramedic patient leaflet information is often inaccurate.
Noted
(AI summary)
Yorkshire Ambulance Service NHS Trust will audit patients treated at home to gather feedback on information provided, review the PIL template content, conduct spot audits of care plans, launch a communications campaign for staff on detailed care plans for non-conveyance, and develop tick-box indicators on the EPR. The future intention is to embed the PIL content into the EPR and email it to the patient and their primary care provider. The National Medical Director describes existing NHS Pathways triage processes, including the use of a standard set of questions and validation of information by clinicians. They state that shared care records allow clinicians to access information on long-term conditions, medical history, medications, and allergies.
John Jennings
All Responded
2020-0257
26 Nov 2020
North London
Ministry for Housing and Local Governme…
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Critical fire safety standards (Code of Practice and British Standard 5839 LD1 Maximum Protection) are not statutory requirements, which may compromise safety.
Action Planned
(AI summary)
The department will raise the concern that the statutory minimum provision of smoke alarms is less than the maximum offered in British Standard 5839 with the relevant committee at the British Standards Institute for consideration, as part of a full technical review of the standards that support building regulations.
Sharon Kelly
Partially Responded
2020-0250
24 Nov 2020
Essex
EFAS
Essex Partnership University NHS Founda…
Essex Police
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Inadequate training and unclear communication protocols between emergency services led to delays in identifying and responding to mental health crisis risks, including police attendance and urgent mental health assessments.
Action Planned
(AI summary)
The Trust will ensure referrals for urgent MHA assessments are accompanied by a telephone conversation, risks will be made explicit, and the timing of the MHA assessment will be explored with the referrer to agree/mitigate risk.
Elena Wells
All Responded
2020-0248
23 Nov 2020
Brighton and Hove
Brighton and Hove City Council
Sussex Partnership Foundation NHS Trust
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Mental health crisis management failures included delayed bed availability, insufficient overnight support, confusion over professional responsibility, and a lack of in-person checks when the patient's condition worsened.
Action Planned
(AI summary)
The Trust and BHCC are developing a joint policy and guidance to improve communication and define responsibility between the organisations to improve the safety of voluntary patients waiting for acute mental health beds. Actions include reviewing existing policies and protocols, implementing new documentation procedures, and providing staff training, to be completed by April 2021.
Sarah Gibbs
All Responded
2020-0220
29 Oct 2020
Norfolk
Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Inadequate communication between staff teams, especially during night handovers, and uncertainty regarding the consistent use of effective communication tools like SBARD were identified.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
SBARD is integrated into the patient handover used by the wards at every handover, with a template document used. EObs has been introduced. The Recognise and Response Team (RRT) has been expanded to provide their services 24/7 and teaches SBARD on all new staff inductions.
Sarah Ferneyhough
Partially Responded
2020-0187
29 Sep 2020
Essex
AACE’s National Directors of Operations…
Association of Ambulance Chief Executiv…
Emergency Call Prioritisation Advisory …
+1 more
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Ambulance service protocols for 'abandoned calls' and medical condition categorisation are inadequate, leading to potential under-triaging and failure to review full call details.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
The Trust has revised its EOC Standard Operating Procedure for Mental Health calls, giving guidance to consider Category 2 response if a call is abandoned and information suggests the patient is actively at risk. An ESOP is also in development to address abandoned calls and will include checks by the control room manager.
Andres Roberts
All Responded
2020-0182
23 Sep 2020
Swansea and Neath Port Talbot
Department of Health and Social Care
Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Delays in emergency department arrival for acute stroke patients may delay critical treatment, raising concerns about stroke patient categorisation, specific time targets, and ambulance service resources.
Action Planned
(AI summary)
The Trust disagrees with the need for action regarding stroke patient grading and resource allocation. However, it describes several ongoing actions to reduce hospital delays, including expanding clinical desk staff, developing out-of-hospital pathways, supporting patient discharge, and recruiting Advanced Paramedic Practitioners. The Welsh Government describes ongoing efforts to improve ambulance response times for stroke patients and wider improvements to urgent and emergency care services, including the establishment of a Ministerial Ambulance Availability Taskforce and additional funding for transformation projects.
Alyn Rees
Historic (No Identified Response)
2020-0190
9 Sep 2020
Gwent
Aneurin Bevan University Health Board
Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Excessive ambulance waiting times (2 hours) without informing the family of estimated arrival, coupled with significant hospital patient transfer delays, prevented ambulances from being released for other emergencies.
Richard King
Historic (No Identified Response)
2020-0150
5 Aug 2020
Milton Keynes
South Central Ambulance Service
Concerns summary (AI summary)
A paramedic failed to follow recognized protocols, not transferring a seriously ill patient to hospital for a full assessment, indicating a need for procedure review and revision.
John Cheetham
All Responded
2020-0140
13 Jul 2020
Greater Manchester South
Department of Health and Social Care
Greater Manchester Health and Social Ca…
Concerns summary (AI summary)
The report vaguely mentions that issues leading to patient falls in the Emergency Department are a "wider national issue," but provides no specific details on remaining concerns or identified risks.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
The Department of Health and Social Care acknowledges the unacceptable length of stay in the ED and the fall sustained by Mr. Cheetham. The response references regulatory action taken by the CQC and highlights measures to improve emergency care, including the Emergency Care Improvement Programme and efforts to improve staffing. Greater Manchester Health and Social Care Partnership detailed actions taken to address concerns including implementing patient safety checklists in Emergency Departments, overseas nurse recruitment, and a review of Emergency Department staffing by the national Emergency Care Intensive Support Team (ECIST).