Emergency services related deaths

PFD Category
Reports: 257 Areas: 59 Earliest: Jan 2016 Latest: 3 Apr 2026

87% response rate (above 63% average). 44% of classified responses show concrete action taken. Reports rose 21% from 38 (2023) to 46 (2024).

PFD Reports
257 results
Joan McIndoe
All Responded
2020-0138 1 Jul 2020 Manchester South
Department of Health and Social Care
Concerns summary (AI summary) The ambulance service's automatic Category 4 response for residential facility calls lacking patient contact, combined with poor update clarity, means evolving critical situations are not adequately reassessed.
Noted (AI summary) The Department acknowledges the concerns, notes the role of the AACE in disseminating learning, and highlights the Quality Standards Framework for telecare providers. It has asked officials to bring the concerns to the attention of ADASS.
Vhari Ingall and Mary Johnson
All Responded
2020-0084 Wiltshire and Swindon
South Western Ambulance Trust CQC National Customer Service Centre The Association of Ambulance Chief Exec…
Concerns summary (AI summary) Paramedics are inappropriately applying Do Not Resuscitate documents to non-natural deaths, such as overdoses, leading to a failure to intervene appropriately and placing them in a difficult position.
Action Planned (AI summary) The CQC contacted South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust for investigation reports and shared information from these cases with their national ambulance group. They also stated that a focus on cases involving apparent suicide in the presence of DNAR documents will be promoted for inclusion in future inspections of ambulance trusts. The Association of Ambulance Chief Executives (AACE), via NASMeD, has committed to reviewing and strengthening the JRCALC guidelines. This review will focus on the circumstances where resuscitation attempts should not be undertaken and the application of Do Not Resuscitate (DNACPR) forms, especially in cases of self-harm or overdose. South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust has developed, launched, and disseminated a new Trust Guideline for DNACPR to its entire workforce. They have also strengthened communication links with mental health trusts and out-of-hours services, and plan to recruit a Senior Mental Health Practitioner to provide strategic leadership and develop further guidance and training. CQC is currently undertaking a thematic review of DNACPRs and will update its regulatory approaches, which may include strengthening how it regulates end-of-life care and DNAR/TEP forms. It will also share key learning and practice points from the inquest with inspectors. The Department commissioned the Care Quality Commission to review the use of DNACPRs, with the final report published in March 2021. The Department is committed to driving forward the implementation of the CQC's recommendations to address concerns.
Karen Bingham
All Responded
2020-0081 30 Mar 2020 Surrey
South East Ambulance Service Surrey Constabulary
Concerns summary (AI summary) Police training on mental health conditions is insufficient, and emergency service dispatchers lack understanding of each other's triaging and response systems, leading to coordination failures.
Action Planned (AI summary) SECAmb, in collaboration with Surrey, Sussex and Kent police forces, will review its Surge Management Plan and explore opportunities for closer collaborative working, aiming for implementation by the end of the year. They will also work to ensure partner agencies disseminate information internally. Surrey Police updated the "Mental Health Guide" on officers' Mobile Data Terminals, delivered training from SECamb to Contact Centre and Force Control Room staff in 2018, and hold quarterly meetings with SECamb's Emergency Operations Centre. A new Decision Support Flowchart has also been agreed for implementation in October 2020.
Mitica Marin
All Responded
2020-0066 12 Mar 2020 London East
Department of Health and Social Care London Ambulance Service Physio-Control UK Ltd +2 more
Concerns summary (AI summary) A significant delay in defibrillation occurred because the paramedic was distracted and the device defaulted to manual mode; this is a recurring issue, reducing survival prospects.
Disputed (AI summary) Resuscitation Council UK disagrees with recommending defibrillators start in automatic mode, arguing manual mode results in greater chance of return of spontaneous circulation and supports the remedial actions taken by LAS. London Ambulance Service investigated the incident and found that Paramedic A did not recognise that Mr Marin was in ventricular fibrillation. LAS has updated guidance, provided human factors training, and provided focused training to solo first responders and are exploring devices to switch to AED mode automatically; they are undertaking thematic analysis and Trust wide learning following the incident. The Association of Ambulance Chief Executives (AACE) acknowledges the need for prompt defibrillation and issued revised guidance in June 2019 advocating for the use of automatic mode by solo responders. However, it is not AACE's responsibility to recommend which defibrillator device an ambulance service should purchase. The Department of Health and Social Care acknowledges the concerns regarding defibrillator default settings, but states that factory settings must cover a wide range of applications and individual ambulance services are responsible for future procurement. MHRA has not received similar reports and the National Clinical Director considers the current default mode acceptable, though this will be kept under review. Stryker argues that the coroner's concerns about the LP15 device defaulting to manual mode are inaccurate, as the device can be configured to power on in either automatic or manual defibrillation mode based on the health system's clinical protocols, therefore no action will be taken.
Beryl Holland
All Responded
2020-0037 25 Feb 2020 Greater Manchester South
National Institute for Health and Care …
Concerns summary (AI summary) Inconsistent hospital policies and a lack of national guidance for managing pressure ulcer risks in Emergency Departments led to prolonged waits and inadequate care for vulnerable patients.
Noted (AI summary) NICE notes that its guideline CG179 provides relevant guidance on pressure sore prevention in emergency departments and no further action is required, but mentions a multi-year programme to improve how NICE produces and presents guidance and advice. The Department for Health and Social Care notes the existence of NICE guidelines on pressure sore prevention and that Stockport NHS Foundation Trust has adopted a Patient Safety Checklist and improved access to dynamic mattresses.
Gordon Gillott
Partially Responded
2020-0020 4 Feb 2020 Derby and Derbyshire
Chesterfield Royal Hospital East Midlands Ambulance Service Royal Derby Hospital
Concerns summary (AI summary) Resourcing issues pose a risk of future deaths if urgent patient transfers remain unavailable for acutely ill patients.
Action Taken (AI summary) The ambulance service provided data on transfer times between hospitals and stated they continue to monitor performance and take action to improve operational response. They have instructed all staff to remove the WISER App from work phones unless properly trained.
Ashley Walker
All Responded
2020-0019 31 Jan 2020 Warwickshire
West Midlands Ambulance Service
Concerns summary (AI summary) A communication error confused ingestion with a spillage, and an effective antidote (methylene blue) for toxicity was not available on the ambulance.
Action Taken (AI summary) Following a communication error, WMAS has instructed all staff to remove the WISER app from work devices unless trained. They have also produced further guidance in relation to Individual Chemical Exposure (ICE) incidents.
Shanté Turay-Thomas
All Responded
2020-0124 27 Jan 2020 Inner North London
Advanced Health & Care Ltd Association of Ambulance Chief Executiv… Bausch & Lomb UK Ltd +9 more
Concerns summary (AI summary) GPs failed to ensure specialist allergy care, provided inadequate advice on carrying two adrenaline pens, and did not offer training for new auto-injector devices, compounded by deficient CCG guidance on dosage.
Noted (AI summary) NHS England will continue to work with HEE, the professional Royal Colleges, and other organizations to stay updated on new guidance and resources for managing severe allergies, and will explore using communication routes or commissioning levers to support their adoption. They also describe their assurance role for CCGs and commissioning of healthcare services. Advanced states they will work with NHS Digital to develop a standard for electronic updating of ambulance systems to inform them when an ambulance has been recalled. They also suggest an independent review of clinical triage systems. NICE notes that the British National Formulary (BNF) and BNF for Children (BNFc) already contain detailed advice on adrenaline auto-injectors, including MHRA/CHM advice from 2017 and 2019. It will consider how best to make clear in CG134 the advice that 2 adrenaline auto-injectors should be prescribed, which patients should carry at all times. The Winchmore Hill Practice undertook an audit of patients prescribed Emerade to ensure dosage was in accordance with the BNF, reviewed AAI pen doses, and contacted patients with up-to-date advice from the MHRA. The practice has shared learning with the CCG medicine management team and amended the message on scriptswitch; any proposed changes to be made by CCG Pharmacist, will need to be approved by a Senior doctor at the practice. Bausch & Lomb distributes trainer pens to allergy clinics and is currently reviewing the design of its trainer pens to incorporate a needle cover shield extension when activated, to more closely replicate the patient experience with the actual pen. NHS Digital details changes made to NHS Pathways following the incident, including improving the Anaphylaxis algorithm, developing an audit framework, and conducting a user satisfaction survey to improve call-handling and call prioritisation. LAS clarifies the division of responsibilities for triage systems, stating that ECPAG and NHS Digital are responsible for setting categories and addressing inconsistencies between systems. LAS will discuss the PFD report at relevant user groups. The Department of Health and Social Care notes several actions, including the FSA working to get emerging trend information and alert local authorities, and working to identify means of access to relevant datasets so they can be included for analysis of food-related cases of anaphylaxis. The Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch (HSIB) will consider the matters of concern in the report and whether these meet its criteria for national investigation when the situation allows. Enfield CCG distributed a Medicines Safety Bulletin on Adrenaline Auto Injectors (AAIs) to GPs and other primary care healthcare professionals on 30th January 2020 and has contacted all GP practices. They are implementing a post-incident review and a report will be completed to ensure all actions identified are implemented to prevent a recurrence, including a review of governance processes and decision-making points.
Helen Sheath
All Responded
2020-0107 27 Jan 2020 Bedfordshire and Luton
Association of Ambulance Chief Executiv… Emergency Call Prioritisation Advisory … National Association of Ambulance Medic…
Concerns summary (AI summary) Ambulance services incorrectly coded an initial emergency call for a suicidal patient, delaying the dispatch of appropriate urgent response teams and potentially altering the outcome.
Noted (AI summary) The Association of Ambulance Chief Executives (AACE) outlines the triage process for 999 calls, the role of the Emergency Call Prioritisation Advisory Group (ECPAG), and references a letter sent to ambulance trusts in April 2019 from NHS England regarding clinical oversight for self-harm and suicidal patients. NASMeD previously encouraged all ambulance trusts to implement clinical review of these cases.
Jason Devoti
All Responded
2020-0017 21 Jan 2020 Worcestershire
West Midlands Police
Concerns summary (AI summary) West Midlands Police failed to address numerous P2 incident logs due to overwhelming backlogs, insufficient officers, and inadequate control room staffing, leading to significant response delays.
Action Taken (AI summary) West Midlands Police details steps taken to improve emergency call response, including involving the Force Incident Manager during busy periods, implementing a "Log Closure Doctrine," and reducing the number of logs held by each dispatcher. They are also working on a record of missing person logs managed and overseen by supervisors until resolved.
Aston McLean
All Responded
2020-0015 20 Jan 2020 Berkshire
JRCALC
Concerns summary (AI summary) Guidelines for declaring death on scene (ROLE) need urgent clarification, especially regarding assumptions about imminence or difficulty of extraction. Ambulance crews also lacked awareness of fire service capabilities for vehicle lifting, hindering decision-making.
Action Planned (AI summary) The Association of Ambulance Chief Executives is reviewing the JRCALC clinical practice guidelines in relation to recognition of life extinct (ROLE). They will amend the wording to clarify what to do when access to the patient is not possible and to clarify the need to work with other agencies.
Anthony Carroll
All Responded
2020-0018 8 Jan 2020 Liverpool and Wirral
National Police Chief’s Council
Concerns summary (AI summary) The public may misunderstand police emergency vehicle speed limits. Additionally, a lack of visual indicators led officers to mistakenly believe sirens were active, highlighting a safety flaw.
Noted (AI summary) The NPCC provides clarification on police vehicle speed limits and emergency equipment operation, stating that there's no national proposal to add further equipment activation indicators due to potential driver distraction.
Samantha Brousas
All Responded
2019-0443 20 Dec 2019 North Wales (East and Central)
Welsh Ambulance Service NHS Trust
Concerns summary (AI summary) Paramedics failed to pre-alert the hospital about suspected sepsis due to discretionary policy. They also could not administer vital antibiotics, and did not escalate concerns about patient condition or admission delays.
Action Taken (AI summary) The Trust implemented pre-alert guidance in Dec 2018 developed with clinical directors and the Royal College of Emergency Medicine, reinforced sepsis guidelines in mandatory training, and is designing an escalation process for ambulance crews when concerns aren't addressed in the Emergency Department.
John Wells
Historic (No Identified Response)
2019-0485 9 Dec 2019 West Sussex
NHS Digital NHS Pathways South East Coast Ambulance Service +1 more
Concerns summary (AI summary) Incomplete medical records failed to accurately relay critical patient vulnerabilities to telecare providers. Additionally, responder contact details were not integrated into the call handling system, and there was no automatic flagging for medical risks.
Maureen Wharton
Historic (No Identified Response)
2019-0420 6 Dec 2019 Gateshead & South Tyneside
Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne & Wear NH… North East Ambulance Service NHS Trust Northumbria Police Service
Concerns summary (AI summary) Ambulance control failed to adequately assess the immediate danger of Maureen's admitted actions, leading to a significant delay in response and missed opportunities to enlist other agency support or inquire about her location and potential assistance.
Helen Barker
Historic (No Identified Response)
2019-0392 19 Nov 2019 Lincolnshire
CAT East Midlands Ambulance Service
Concerns summary (AI summary) Concerns exist regarding emergency medical service protocols: specifically, the lack of a mechanism for escalating low-priority calls (C3) to high-priority (C2) when response times are exceeded, and inadequate contact with NHS 111 for unassessed C3 calls.
Emma Langley
All Responded
2019-0384 18 Nov 2019 Birmimgham and Solihull
West Midlands Ambulance Service
Concerns summary (AI summary) The current system for recording patients' refusal of hospital admission, involving a generic summary and electronic signature on a tablet, fails to adequately ensure distressed patients/families understand they are rejecting medical advice.
Action Taken (AI summary) West Midlands Ambulance Service is changing its electronic patient report software to include a clearer statement about refusing treatment/transport. They have also updated their policy on refusal of care and revised the patient discharge advice leaflet.
Philip Hayes
Historic (No Identified Response)
2019-0363 30 Oct 2019 Newcastle upon Tyne
North East Ambulance Service
Concerns summary (AI summary) Significant ambulance dispatch delays and a failure to reassess a deteriorating patient resulted from inconsistent triage by untrained health advisors who inadequately considered reported symptoms of a medical emergency.
Paul Mclean
All Responded
2019-0347 22 Oct 2019 South Wales Central
Welsh Ambulance Service NHS Trust
Concerns summary (AI summary) Ambulance call scripting for seizures is inadequate, failing to ascertain fit duration for correct callback advice and lacking clear protocols for urgent upgrades when airways are compromised. There's also no pathway for updating prison staff or facilitating dialogue with hospital EDs on call categorisation.
Action Taken (AI summary) The Welsh Ambulance Service NHS Trust has expanded its Healthcare Professional (HCP) triage team, enabling them to filter HCP calls and escalate urgent clinical discussions. They use the Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS) for call categorization and prioritization.
Ian Bean
Historic (No Identified Response)
2019-0340 10 Oct 2019 Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly
East Midlands Ambulance Service
Concerns summary (AI summary) An ambulance was incorrectly dispatched to the wrong address, sending it to Mr. Bean's father in a different county instead of to Mr. Bean.
Muhammed Haleem
All Responded
2019-0316 24 Sep 2019 Manchester (North)
North west Ambulance Service Pennine Care NHS Trust
Concerns summary (AI summary) The NWAS system contained outdated DNA-CPR guidance for paramedics, and communication between community paediatric teams and emergency services regarding advance care plans was insufficient.
Action Planned (AI summary) NWAS acknowledges the need to improve its DNA-CPR marker system. The Trust’s EOC Governance Group has been tasked with reviewing the position and making recommendations, and an update will be provided within the next 3 months. Alerts have been placed on the NWAS system for all children with current advance care plans (ACP), to be reviewed annually. Archived paper notes/records for children with palliative care needs known to the Children's Community Nursing Team (CCNT) are being reviewed to ensure any ACP's are included, and the Lead Nurse at the Royal Oldham Hospital Children's A&E department has been given a list of the children known to CCNT who have ACPs to enable them to set up their own alert system.
Myla Deviren
Historic (No Identified Response)
2019-0311 24 Sep 2019 Cambridgeshire and Peterborough
Herts Urgent care Limited NHS 111 NHS Digital +1 more
Concerns summary (AI summary) NHS 111 and Out of Hours services lack mandatory annual training for staff on paediatric symptoms, sufficient specialist clinical review, and clear guidance to default to ambulance calls for sick children.
Arthur Jepson
All Responded
2019-0300 16 Sep 2019 South Yorkshire (West)
Yorkshire Ambulance Service
Concerns summary (AI summary) High resource pressure resulted in a missed two-hour review of an emergency call, preventing re-categorisation and potentially impacting outcomes in future cases.
Action Taken (AI summary) The Trust has refreshed its approach to call-backs, implementing a filter in the CAD system to highlight incidents exceeding expected timeframes, and assigning senior clinical advisors to make call-backs. Reporting mechanisms are being implemented to ensure call-back procedures are followed.
Ffion Jones
Historic (No Identified Response)
2019-0298 16 Sep 2019 South Wales Central
Welsh Ambulance Service
Concerns summary (AI summary) The improvement plan failed to address specific issues, and there's no dedicated pathway for urgent clinical discussions between external healthcare professionals and ambulance staff to ensure proper assessment of response urgency.
William Oliver
All Responded
2019-0494 12 Sep 2019 Manchester (North)
Blackpool Clinical Commissioning Group Department of Health and Social Care North West Ambulance Service
Concerns summary (AI summary) The ambulance service's rigid meal break policy reduced vehicle availability during peak demand, compounded by excessive hospital turnaround times, leading to significant delays.
Action Planned (AI summary) The Trust has implemented measures to improve ambulance turnaround times, including daily meetings to review patient flow, screens displaying ambulance information, purchasing additional trolleys, and having Ambulance Liaison Officers on site during high demand. The Trust also joined a Phase 2 NWAS ambulance handover collaborative project. Blackpool CCG emphasized a Roster Review in commissioner requirements and are involved in initiatives to improve hospital handover times by using improvement methodology with several hospitals. They are also part of a North West Handover Improvement Board. NWAS is trialing a pilot program in the Cheshire and Mersey EOC to manage meal breaks differently, involving a mandatory staggered stand down of resources. They will also be adding 250 paramedics to the service by March 2020. The Department of Health and Social Care outlined actions to improve ambulance services, including implementing an improved ambulance performance framework, issuing revised hospital handover guidelines, and improving monitoring and reporting of patient handover delays. They also made the AACE aware of the coroner's concerns.