State Custody related deaths
PFD Category
Reports: 357
Areas: 57
Earliest: Aug 2013
Latest: 8 Apr 2026
74% response rate (above 63% average). 58% of classified responses show concrete action taken. Reports rose 40% from 25 (2023) to 35 (2024).
PFD Reports
161 resultsSaifur Rahman
All Responded
2022-0155
26 May 2022
Birmingham and Solihull
Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health N…
Ministry of Justice
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Delayed emergency "code blue" calls, absence of a central cell history record, and inadequate visual risk assessments by mental health staff in the prison pose significant ongoing safety risks.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
BSMHFT states that it had already updated the sampling of cells under the Ligature Risk Assessment to enable greater coverage of cells from year to year, and to generate an audit trail for those cells which had been viewed in previous years. They have asked for a formal process with the prison to be placed on the agenda for the Local Delivery Board meeting. HMPPS reports that HMP Birmingham has undertaken initiatives to maintain staff awareness of medical emergency procedures, including safety talks and signage. The Governor has reviewed the local medical emergency response code protocol to ensure up to date training for all staff which is currently in progress. A central record of cell fabric history has been implemented and the prison maintenance database has been updated. A formalised process for cell ligature risk assessments is underway with the Health and Safety team, in partnership with the NHS.
Nicholas Rose
All Responded
2022-0106
7 Apr 2022
Dorset
HMP Guys Marsh Prison
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Accepting a "grunt" as a verbal response during prison welfare checks is insufficient for assessing a prisoner's true welfare, potentially missing signs of distress or incapacitation.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
HMP Guys Marsh has republished notices to staff and prisoners regarding the requirement for verbal responses during welfare checks, with compliance checks by wing Custodial Managers, and has introduced toolbox talks for Prison Officers, including training on welfare checks.
Ketheeswaren Kunarathnam
All Responded
2022-0030
26 Jan 2022
West London
Home Office
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Detained prisoners awaiting deportation lack adequate access to legal information and support. Ineffective communication and incompatible systems between prison, Home Office, and immigration staff lead to lost information and delayed actions.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
The Home Office outlines actions taken to address concerns, including mandatory training for officials engaged in detention, focusing on best practice and vulnerability, and Self Harm Awareness Sessions run by HMPPS for front-line immigration officers in prisons. They also highlight improvements to the Adults at Risk in Immigration Detention policy and the introduction of Detention Case Progress Panels.
Idris Habib
All Responded
2022-0020
24 Jan 2022
Mid Kent and Medway
HMP Swaleside
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Medication from a previous occupant was found in the deceased's cell, indicating poor cell management. A significant disconnect also existed between prison policy and officers' actions.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
HMP Swaleside issued a notice in November 2021 reminding staff of cell clearance procedures and reinforced the process during staff briefings. Since the inquest, the prison has introduced a welfare check at approximately 8am requiring staff to gain a verbal response from the occupant, with completion of the check recorded in the wing assurance book, with staff re-issued a notice to remind them to satisfy themselves of the prisoner's wellbeing.
Kyle Nel
All Responded
2021-0426
22 Dec 2021
Dorset
HMP Guy’s Marsh and Prisons and Probati…
Concerns summary (AI summary)
The prison failed to adequately respond to family concerns, lacked structured record-keeping for prisoner welfare, and had known security flaws with fences enabling drug transfers between units.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
HMPPS replaced the Custodial Violence Management Model with the Challenge, Support and Intervention Plan (CSIP), a violence reduction case management model, and HMP Guys Marsh has a dedicated drug strategy manager in place since Autumn 2021 as part of the accelerator project.
Saul Thomas
All Responded
2021-0423
21 Dec 2021
Worcestershire
HMP Birmingham
Concerns summary (AI summary)
A third of prison staff lack up-to-date ACCT training, and critical psychiatric assessment information was not consistently included in handovers between prisons, posing a risk of future deaths.
Action Planned
(AI summary)
HMP Birmingham plans to train 80% of staff in suicide and self-harm (SASH) over the next six months, prioritizing high-risk areas and ensuring new staff receive SASH training; a new handover process is in place for prisoners transferring with healthcare needs. HMP Hewell delivered training to 205 staff in the latest version of ACCT in December 2021 and is working to train a larger percentage of staff.
Martin Brown
All Responded
2021-0417
15 Dec 2021
Lancashire and Blackburn with Darwen
HMP Lancaster Farms
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Prison staff lacked training for medical emergencies and the ERIC system. There was poor liaison between healthcare and ambulance services, and communication between emergency responders and the control room was inadequate.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
Spectrum has developed an Emergency Response in Custody (ERIC) presentation and has been delivering training sessions to prison staff since January 2022. They have also implemented a system using a spare radio net for healthcare staff to communicate directly with the prison's communications room during medical emergencies, which went live on January 31st after a successful trial. The prison has distributed ERIC cards to all staff and commenced additional ERIC training delivered by the Head of Healthcare, with new staff receiving this training as part of their induction. A new radio channel process has been implemented for healthcare staff to communicate with the control room and ambulance service during emergencies.
Connor Hoult
All Responded
2021-0405
30 Nov 2021
West Yorkshire (Eastern)
HMP Wakefield and Minister of State for…
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Prison officers are not required to obtain a response from all prisoners during welfare checks, especially those appearing asleep, risking missed signs of distress or concerns.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
HMP Wakefield issued a Governor’s Order in January 2020 regarding verbal responses during roll checks and unlocking procedures. The Governor has now circulated a Notice to Staff reminding them to assure themselves of prisoners' wellbeing during unlock, and the concerns will be discussed with relevant staff.
Robert Ellery
All Responded
2021-0390
19 Nov 2021
South Wales Central
HM Prison Cardiff
Concerns summary (AI summary)
The prison control room delayed relaying critical information to the ambulance service, and a lack of direct communication between emergency operators and prison first responders hindered resuscitation efforts.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
HMP Cardiff has devised a Local Operating Protocol and will pilot a mobile phone carried by officers to enable direct communication with the Welsh Ambulance Service.
Christian Hinkley
All Responded
2021-0376
4 Nov 2021
Mid Kent and Medway
Minister of State for Prisons and Proba…
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Prison fire detection systems are inadequate and unable to reliably detect cell fires early enough to save lives. Despite repeated warnings and notices issued since 2015, in-cell automatic fire detectors remain uninstalled.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
HMPPS is investing £315m to improve fire safety, including in-cell fire detectors, portable fire detection devices, water mist firefighting equipment, and smoke ventilation fans. Cell fire response training was revised in December 2021 to include scenarios for obstructed inundation ports.
Fishmongers’ Hall Inquests
All Responded
2021-0362
3 Nov 2021
London City
College of Policing
Department for Education
Home Office
+7 more
Concerns summary (AI summary)
This document is a questionnaire for the jury, intended to determine the means and circumstances by which Jack Merritt and Saskia Jones died, focusing on identifying any errors, omissions, or circumstances that may have caused or contributed to their deaths.
Noted
(AI summary)
The Learning Together Network CIC states it cannot take steps on the recommendations as it did not employ staff or run partnerships, and will be dissolved in January 2022. CTPHQ now has CT Nominal Management specialist trained officers who will attend all future CT MAPPA (Category 4) cases and are responsible for designing and delivering a risk management plan (RMP). West Midlands Police exceeds national guidance for visits to Registered Terrorist Offenders/Pathfinders. The Office for Students will write to all registered higher education providers in England, making them aware of the report and asking them to consider changes to their approach to risk assessment of events, programmes, and information sharing. The College of Policing acknowledges the concerns raised and states its commitment to supporting other bodies in achieving improvements in terrorist offender management. They provide broader offender management training products and guidance and will work with partners to ensure they are updated. CTPHQ now has CT Nominal Management specialist trained officers who will attend all future CT MAPPA (Category 4) cases and are responsible for designing and delivering a risk management plan (RMP). West Midlands Police exceeds national guidance for visits to Registered Terrorist Offenders/Pathfinders and now feed this into the MAPPA panel. MoJ accepted recommendations relating to the Fishmongers' Hall attack. A new framework is being designed for Learning Together activity in prisons. Statutory guidance on MAPPA meetings will be strengthened, and the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Bill includes a power for police to search terrorist offenders on licence. The University of Cambridge has created a new policy and guidance for staff and students working with people who have offended, and the Institute of Criminology has developed a Risk Assessment Form for all activities. The University has also stopped delivering the Learning Together programme. The government is legislating a new power of personal search through the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Bill, allowing police to stop and search terrorist offenders on license under certain circumstances. The Secretary of State will engage with the higher education sector to encourage action to implement the recommendations and officials have spoken to the Office for Students to encourage them to take action. Officials have also engaged with HMPPS to design a new framework to define roles and responsibilities of prisons and higher education providers.
Anthony Clacher
All Responded
2021-0356
22 Oct 2021
Dorset
Department of Health and Social Care
HM Prison and Probation Service
NHS England and NHS Digital
Concerns summary (AI summary)
A national lack of guidance for welfare checks and monitoring prisoners under the influence of psychoactive substances poses significant risks of physical and mental health deterioration, including death.
Noted
(AI summary)
NHS England highlights that the Digital Person Escort Record (DPER) has been live across the prison estate since November 2020, and all reception healthcare staff should have access to the DPER prior to arrival of persons at the site; further a review and update of the reception and secondary screening templates for healthcare is ongoing. NHS Digital is considering the coroner's concerns about SystmOne in prisons when developing the capabilities for the HJIS re-procurement in 2022/23 and will consider adopting GP IT related products such as GP2GP and the Primary Care Registration Management system in FY22/23. The Department of Health and Social Care acknowledges the concerns raised, highlights the National Partnership Agreement for Prison Healthcare, and notes actions NHS England is taking regarding substance misuse in prisons. HMPPS is considering a national rollout of local initiatives (including those from HMP Guys Marsh) to improve welfare checks on prisoners under the influence of psychoactive substances, and is developing a new version of the ACCT (Assessment, Care in Custody and Teamwork) processes with revised training modules being rolled out nationally for all staff involved in the delivery of ACCT.
Richard Franks
All Responded
2021-0355
21 Oct 2021
West Yorkshire Eastern
David Ake & Co Solicitors
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Critical information regarding a prisoner's suicidal intent expressed at court was not communicated to prison staff, leading to inadequate monitoring and a lack of necessary support measures.
Action Planned
(AI summary)
The solicitors will ensure that they remind appropriate organisations each time a threat to self-harm is repeated.
Caden Stewart
All Responded
2021-0328
4 Oct 2021
Mid Kent and Medway
HMYOI Cookham Wood
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Prison staff were unaware of relevant policies, and there was a critical lack of communication among officers regarding a prisoner's unwell status and need for healthcare, leading to missed checks and handovers.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
In September 2021, HMP Cookham Wood issued a Notice to Staff reminding PE staff of PSI 58/2011 requirements and introduced daily roll books to record time spent in activities and healthcare requests. The logs provide for comments to be added and ‘guidance prompts’ are now in place which outline the importance of providing this information so that it is available to all staff.
Charlie Todd
All Responded
2021-0318
21 Sep 2021
County Durham and Darlington
HMP Durham
Concerns summary (AI summary)
A lack of supervisory oversight, inadequate staffing, and a manual, untracked system for hourly checks in the SACU led to incomplete observations and a failure to ensure prisoner safety.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
HMP Durham has provided additional officer and administrative resources to the Separation and Care Unit (SACU). A "Know Your Job" sheet will be provided to staff working on the unit, and a SACU pilot will consider operational processes and health support.
Carl Walters
All Responded
2021-0256
28 Jul 2021
Exeter and Greater Devon
HMP Exeter
Concerns summary (AI summary)
The failure to preserve key evidence hindered the inquest, raising concerns that dangerous conditions could go undiscovered and preventative measures overlooked.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
HMP Exeter created a local operating policy for deaths in custody, including a list of essential documents to retain (cell bell records, CCTV, body-worn video). A new CCTV system has been installed, and all deaths in custody are subject to a quick-time learning review by the Head of Safety and Regional Groups Safety Lead.
Joanna Daly
All Responded
2021-0245
16 Jul 2021
West Yorkshire (Eastern)
Ministry of Justice
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Prison staff conducting welfare checks on vulnerable first-night prisoners lack specific guidance, raising concerns about the quality and effectiveness of these critical observations.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
HMP New Hall introduced new processes in July 2021 to improve the quality of welfare checks, including requiring a response from residents in the First Night Centre and clarifying the purpose and requirements of the checks in a notice to staff and local operating instructions.
Geoffrey Hutton
All Responded
2021-0191
4 Jun 2021
Worcestershire
HMP Long Lartin
Concerns summary (AI summary)
HMP Long Lartin lacked effective systems for social care referrals and allocating ACCT Case Managers, resulting in insufficient oversight of vulnerable prisoners and inadequate staff training.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
HMP Long Lartin reviewed its adult safeguarding policy, is working on a memorandum of understanding with Worcestershire County Council, and is developing a directory of interventions for staff. They are implementing a new database for allocating ACCT Case Coordinators and making SASH training mandatory for OSGs.
Mark Culverhouse
All Responded
2021-0189
2 Jun 2021
Milton Keynes
Ministry of Justice
Concerns summary (AI summary)
A prisoner was unlawfully detained due to a system failure where release dates were calculated after recall decisions, leading to unnecessary imprisonment, particularly over bank holidays.
Disputed
(AI summary)
HMPPS does not consider it possible to comply with the recommendation to calculate release dates prior to a recall decision due to complexities, staffing constraints and potential risks. They will however issue further communication to staff about using alerts on NOMIS to flag prisoners with unspent remand time.
James Devenny
All Responded
2021-0179
25 May 2021
Mid Kent and Medway
HMP Elmley and Director General – Priso…
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Prisoners lack direct access to Samaritans, relying on staff, which is especially difficult for those with violence risks. Prison officers are not routinely briefed on prisoners' significant self-harm history.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
HMP Elmley has equipped nearly all cells with in-cell phones and ensures access to Samaritans. ACCT version 6 has been rolled out across the male estate and training modules and awareness materials have been made available to all staff. The prison also operates a Key Worker scheme and uses an updated safety diagnostic tool.
Corin Bonaparte
All Responded
2021-0143
7 May 2021
Exeter and Greater Devon
HMP Dartmoor
Concerns summary (AI summary)
An ACCT was not opened despite the patient seeking help from the mental health department at HMP Dartmoor and revealing recent self-harm, suggesting inadequate training; the ambulance was kept waiting 8 minutes at the main gate, suggesting inadequate arrangements for swift ambulance departure in emergencies.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
HMPPS has briefed staff and issued a Governor's order reinforcing the Local Security Strategy requirements for ambulance escorts. They also plan to work with the ambulance service on a contingency plan exercise and improve monitoring of ambulance departure times.
Richard Ormond
All Responded
2021-0139
5 May 2021
Worcestershire
HMP Long Lartin
Concerns summary (AI summary)
A 9-minute delay in upgrading an ambulance response occurred because prison staff initially failed to provide critical information about the patient's condition to emergency services, highlighting a gap in following emergency protocols.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
Practice Plus Group has implemented measures to improve ambulance response times, including updating training materials to emphasize upgrading calls to category one when CPR is in progress. They have also initiated discussions with ambulance trusts to improve communication and response arrangements across their sites. HMP Long Lartin updated local policies and issued Governor's notices regarding emergency incident reporting to the Emergency Control Room (ECR) and ambulance services. They created a checklist for ECR staff and amended the Prison Service Instruction to clarify information requirements for emergency calls.
Darren Adams
All Responded
2021-0125
29 Apr 2021
South Yorkshire (East)
Practice Plus Group and Resuscitation C…
Concerns summary (AI summary)
Nursing staff misdiagnosed post-mortem conditions due to inadequate training in identification, and resuscitation guidance documents contained confusing definitions, risking proper emergency response.
Noted
(AI summary)
Practice Plus Group has mandated training on the identification of hypostasis and rigor mortis, using scenario-based simulations, and will raise concerns about confusing terminology in existing guidance with NHS England. Resuscitation Council UK acknowledges the concerns but states that detailed training in the recognition of rigor mortis and hypostasis is outside the scope of RCUK training courses, though they encourage starting CPR unless irreversible death is certain. They have shared the response with relevant bodies.
Guy Paget
All Responded
2021-0118
23 Apr 2021
West Yorkshire (East)
HMP Leeds
Concerns summary (AI summary)
The prison lacked an efficient, tested system for emergency ambulance exit, leading to delays in transferring a seriously ill prisoner to hospital.
Action Taken
(AI summary)
The Local Security Strategy (LSS) at HMP Leeds has been revised to clearly outline the system that allows staff to utilise a manual override to facilitate emergency vehicle entry or exit in the event of any mechanical failure.
Michael Dent-Jones
All Responded
2021-0041
12 Feb 2021
Surrey
HMPS
Concerns summary (AI summary)
National Probation Service Approved Premises staff and management were unaware of and not implementing policies for managing residents' prescribed medication. Procedures were absent, and staff had not read essential safety documents, indicating broader safety failures.
Action Planned
(AI summary)
The national Safe Working Practice document for Approved Premises is being re-issued on April 30th 2021 and all staff must read the updated SWP and sign a register to confirm this and that they understand the processes. The National Approved Premises Team will also review the EQuiP usage data for approved premises staff to identify any areas where EQuiP usage falls below average and will undertake an awareness raising exercise to reinforce the importance of EQuiP.