Undersea cables

National Security Strategy (Joint Committee) Open Inquiry
Opened: 23 Jan 2025 Parliament page
Undersea cables form the backbone of the world’s internet. The UK has around 60 cables which connect us to the outside world, carrying 99% of our data. Concern has been growing about the risk of these cables being sabotaged by foreign states. The consequences would be extensive. This inquiry will … Read more
21 Recommendations
7 Conclusions
1 Report
4 Oral sessions
2 Letters
4 Events
Oral evidence sessions 4 sessions
Undersea cables - 4th session - ministerial
Kevin Adams · Department for Science, Innovation and Technology Luke Pollard MP · Ministry of Defence Paul Wyatt · Ministry of Defence Sir Chris Bryant MP · Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
Undersea cables - 3rd session
Alasdair Wilkie · Atlantic Cable Maintenance & Repair Agreement (ACMA) Alex Towers · BT Group Chief Constable Gavin Stephens · National Police Chiefs' Council Dr Fenella Wrigley MBE · London Ambulance Service John Wrottesley · European Subsea Cables Association Laura Catterick · UK Finance Mick McGovern · Alcatel Submarine Networks
Undersea cables - 2nd session
Captain Niels Markussen · NATO Commodore (Rtd) John Aitken OBE · Thales Dr Marie Jacobsson · Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs Professor Aurel Sari · University of Exeter
Undersea cables - 1st session
Dr Sidharth Kaushal · Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) Elisabeth Braw · Atlantic Council Matthew Bowden · Red Penguin Marine Professor Kevin Rowlands · Kings College London
Recommendations & Conclusions
7 results
15 Recommendation Accepted in Part
1st Report - Subsea telecommunicat…
The Department for Science, Innovation and Technology should ensure all lead departments have detailed sector-by-sector...
The Department for Science, Innovation and Technology should ensure all lead departments have detailed sector-by-sector technical impact studies on areas most likely to be affected and response plans—notably finance, maritime and air traffic, communications, defence and supply chains including food … Read more
Government Response
The government partially agrees on the importance of a centralised coordination function, establishing an Undersea Infrastructure Security Oversight Board chaired by the Cabinet Office for strategic direction, but does not adopt the specific suggestion to expand SIRG or set up a new inter-ministerial group.
Cabinet Office
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20 Recommendation Accepted in Part
1st Report - Subsea telecommunicat…
The Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and the Department for Business and Trade should apply...
The Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and the Department for Business and Trade should apply diplomatic and economic pressure to press for adequate investigations from flag states and states where vessels suspected of cable damage enter port. The Government should … Read more
Government Response
The government states it frequently uses diplomatic levers to ensure investigations into cable breaks. It notes existing IMO work on data sharing and mechanisms for reporting vessel behaviour, but states there is a limit to the utility of port inspections as suspicious vessels often avoid such ports.
Cabinet Office
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22 Recommendation Accepted in Part
1st Report - Subsea telecommunicat…
The UK’s military deterrence concepts are too timid.
The UK’s military deterrence concepts are too timid. They need to place greater emphasis on prevention and punitive consequences that go beyond private or public attribution. Otherwise, aggressors that are content with ‘implausible deniability’ can cause damage with minimal risk … Read more
Government Response
The government partially agrees, stating deterrence concepts are under constant review and leveraging NATO. They acknowledge the importance of effective data sharing, which remains a firm requirement in existing programmes, but do not commit to designing new schemes with NATO for speedy data sharing.
Cabinet Office
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23 Conclusion Accepted in Part
1st Report - Subsea telecommunicat…
In a heightened threat scenario, we are uncertain about the Royal Navy’s ability to protect...
In a heightened threat scenario, we are uncertain about the Royal Navy’s ability to protect vulnerable cable regions and escort repair ships without undermining commitments to other NATO tasks. We admire the Minister for Armed Forces’ optimism that the problem … Read more
Government Response
The government partially agreed with the Committee's concerns, stating it is investing in new capabilities such as underwater drones, autonomous sensors, and new ships under the 'Atlantic Bastion' concept to augment the Royal Navy's ability to protect vulnerable cable regions. It also noted existing routine escorting exercises are conducted and reviewed.
Cabinet Office
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24 Recommendation Accepted in Part
1st Report - Subsea telecommunicat…
The Ministry of Defence should work with international partners to ensure there are viable plans...
The Ministry of Defence should work with international partners to ensure there are viable plans to escort cable ships without degrading wider NATO taskings. This plan could usefully include heightened surveillance of suspicious vessel activity, rules of engagement enabling a … Read more
Government Response
The government partially agrees, stating escorting ships is an important task and rules of engagement are routinely reviewed. They are investing in new capabilities like underwater drones and the ‘Atlantic Bastion’ concept. They also state the Royal Navy already conducts routine live escorting exercises, which are frequently reviewed, but do not explicitly commit to new plans with international partners or a low threshold for physical interdiction.
Cabinet Office
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25 Conclusion Accepted in Part
1st Report - Subsea telecommunicat…
We commend the Government’s efforts to improve co-ordination, particularly the establishment of the Subsea Infrastructure...
We commend the Government’s efforts to improve co-ordination, particularly the establishment of the Subsea Infrastructure Response Group and Subsea Communications Cables Industry Group. We accept that changing governance structures for the sake of it is not helpful. Equally, however, there … Read more
Government Response
The government partially agreed, acknowledging the need for improved coordination but declining to expand the SIRG. Instead, it stated that it has established an Undersea Infrastructure Security (UIS) Oversight Board, chaired by the Cabinet Office, to provide a senior-level, cross-government function for strategic direction and coordination.
Cabinet Office
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26 Recommendation Accepted in Part
1st Report - Subsea telecommunicat…
The Government should seek to provide a joined-up subsea cables function providing a centralised point...
The Government should seek to provide a joined-up subsea cables function providing a centralised point of contact for industry and international partners. This body should co-ordinate, not duplicate, cross-government work—bringing together departments and agencies covering subsea infrastructure operations, policy, security, … Read more
Government Response
The government partially agrees, accepting the importance of a centralised function but rejecting the upgrade of SIRG and a new inter-ministerial group. They state an Undersea Infrastructure Security Oversight Board has been established to provide a joined-up function and ministerial oversight is already provided by the National Security Council.
Cabinet Office
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Government Response AI assessment · 28 of 21 classified

Total 21 recs + 7 conclusions
Correspondence 2 letters
8 Sep 2025 Correspondence from Sir Chris Bryant MP, Minister of State, Department for Science, Innovation & Technology regarding the oral evidence held on 14 July concerning the Undersea cables inquiry, dated 15 August 2025
Parliament page
14 Jul 2025 Correspondence from Sir Chris Bryant MP, Minister of State, Department for Science, Innovation & Technology following oral evidence held on 30 June on Undersea cables, dated 10 July 2025
Parliament page